Synthesis and Characterization of Rare Earth Erbium Organic Complex with Near-infrared Optical Property
Erbium(Er3+) ion possessed excellent research and application value owing to its near-infrared photoluminesence at wavelength of 1.54μm which matched the optical communication operation wave band. Erbium complexes co-doped polymer had drawn much attention for the merit that it had combined both organic comlexes (large absorption cross section and good compatibility with polymer) and inorganic Er3+ (narrow fluorescence emission and long fluorescence lifetime).In this paper, we synthesized double-core erbium organic complexes via the coordination of organic carboxylic acid and Er3+. Molecular structure had been determined by FT-IR, UV-Vis-NIR spectrum and Elemental Analysis;The relation between coordination situation and luminescence property had rare earth magnets been taken by UV-Vis-NIR spectrum and Luminescence Spectrum;Through DSC and TGA analyses, the rare earth complexes showed good thermal stability.
We found that the preparation of this kind of complexes had great relationship with experiment conditions(for instance pH value、chosen and dose of solvent).The doped concentration of the complexed had been much higher increased and meanwhile Er3+ had been uniformly dispersed that reduced probability of quench because of the special double-core structure. http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ Chose the suitable ligand which had energy level matching structure could enhance luminescence property effectively.We had obtained relatively strong emission at near-infrared wave band (1.54μm) under th excitation of wavelength 980nm pumping ray.At the same time a sort of rare earth erbium complexes containing dualistic aromatic carboxylic acid which had well near-infrared luminescence property and perfect water-solubility was gained.After the addition of ytterbium emission quality of the complexes was improved which indicated rare earth magnets the existence of energy transmission between erbium and ytterbium.The research of rare earth complexes possessing excellent near-infrared fluorescence property was to the well basic for the next step that preparation of rare earth complexes doped near- infrared materials of eminent integration characteristics.
2012年4月27日星期五
Dielectric Relaxations in Rare Earth Iron Garnet Ceramics
Dielectric Relaxations in Rare Earth Iron Garnet Ceramics
Rare earth iron garnet,a ferromagnetic material known as microwave ferrite,has been widely applied in passive microwave devices and magneto-optical devices, because it posses excellent magetic and magneto-optical properties.Recently,the investigations of magneto-electric and magneto-dielectric effects in rare earth iron garnet have been attracting much interest in view of the direct interaction between dielectric and magnetic properties.Rare earth iron garnets are excellent candidates of magnetic dielectrics with high magnetic ordering temperatures.In order to well understand the physical nature of dielectric relaxations in rare earth iron garnets,the dielectric properties of Y3Fe5O12,and Tb0.91Yb1.38Bi0.71Fe5O12ceramics in a broad temperature and frequency range were investigated.Three dielectric relaxations of Y3Fe5O12(YIG)ceramics are identified in the temperature range from 125 K to 620 K.
The low temperature relaxation is typical of Debye-type Ring neodymium magnet relaxation with activation energy close to 0.29 eV.This is agreement with the activation energy of a two-site polaron hopping process of charge transfer between Fe2+and Fe3+(Ea=0.29 eV),suggesting that the low temperature dielectric relaxation originates from the dipolar effects associated with the charge carrier hopping between Fe2+and Fe3+inside the grains.The low frequency dielectric relaxation in the higher temperature range has a similar activation energy with the grain boundaries.Taking into account its giant low frequency response,it is most likely arises from the inhomogeneous structure,such as grain boundaries.
Another dielectric relaxation in the high http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ temperature range with the similar activation energy of conduction can be attributed to the conduction.In the Al substituted yttrium iron garnet ceramic,the dielectric constant plateu at low temperatures significantly rises and the corresponding activation energy slightly increases.Because the valence of Al3+is stable,partial substitution of Fe3+by Al3+ increases the hopping distance between the Fe2+and Fe3+in the lattice which increase the activation energy of charge carriers hopping.On the other hand,the thermal relaxation polarization increases with the increase of the distance between the dipoles. This leads to the rise of the dielectric Ring neodymium magnet constant plateu at low temperatures.Two dielectric relaxations in Tb0.91Yb1.38Bi0.71Fe5O12(TYBIG)ceramics are identified in the temperature range from 125 K to 620 K.The similar activation energy of the relaxation in the frequency range of 10 Hz～4 MHz and the carriers hopping between Fe2+and Fe3+suggested that it is a dipolar-type relaxation associated with the hoping process.Another relaxation in the high temperature range from 400 K to 620 K has an activation energy of 1.08 eV,which is comparable to that of conduction.The giant low frequency response indicates that the inhomogeneous structures,such as grain boundaries,interfaces,and inhomogeneous distribution of oxygen vacancies may contribute to the low frequency dielectric relaxation.
Rare earth iron garnet,a ferromagnetic material known as microwave ferrite,has been widely applied in passive microwave devices and magneto-optical devices, because it posses excellent magetic and magneto-optical properties.Recently,the investigations of magneto-electric and magneto-dielectric effects in rare earth iron garnet have been attracting much interest in view of the direct interaction between dielectric and magnetic properties.Rare earth iron garnets are excellent candidates of magnetic dielectrics with high magnetic ordering temperatures.In order to well understand the physical nature of dielectric relaxations in rare earth iron garnets,the dielectric properties of Y3Fe5O12,and Tb0.91Yb1.38Bi0.71Fe5O12ceramics in a broad temperature and frequency range were investigated.Three dielectric relaxations of Y3Fe5O12(YIG)ceramics are identified in the temperature range from 125 K to 620 K.
The low temperature relaxation is typical of Debye-type Ring neodymium magnet relaxation with activation energy close to 0.29 eV.This is agreement with the activation energy of a two-site polaron hopping process of charge transfer between Fe2+and Fe3+(Ea=0.29 eV),suggesting that the low temperature dielectric relaxation originates from the dipolar effects associated with the charge carrier hopping between Fe2+and Fe3+inside the grains.The low frequency dielectric relaxation in the higher temperature range has a similar activation energy with the grain boundaries.Taking into account its giant low frequency response,it is most likely arises from the inhomogeneous structure,such as grain boundaries.
Another dielectric relaxation in the high http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ temperature range with the similar activation energy of conduction can be attributed to the conduction.In the Al substituted yttrium iron garnet ceramic,the dielectric constant plateu at low temperatures significantly rises and the corresponding activation energy slightly increases.Because the valence of Al3+is stable,partial substitution of Fe3+by Al3+ increases the hopping distance between the Fe2+and Fe3+in the lattice which increase the activation energy of charge carriers hopping.On the other hand,the thermal relaxation polarization increases with the increase of the distance between the dipoles. This leads to the rise of the dielectric Ring neodymium magnet constant plateu at low temperatures.Two dielectric relaxations in Tb0.91Yb1.38Bi0.71Fe5O12(TYBIG)ceramics are identified in the temperature range from 125 K to 620 K.The similar activation energy of the relaxation in the frequency range of 10 Hz～4 MHz and the carriers hopping between Fe2+and Fe3+suggested that it is a dipolar-type relaxation associated with the hoping process.Another relaxation in the high temperature range from 400 K to 620 K has an activation energy of 1.08 eV,which is comparable to that of conduction.The giant low frequency response indicates that the inhomogeneous structures,such as grain boundaries,interfaces,and inhomogeneous distribution of oxygen vacancies may contribute to the low frequency dielectric relaxation.
Research on the Processing Technics and Properties of the Rare-earth Element-Cu-Ni-Si Alloy as Lead-Frame Coil Strip
Research on the Processing Technics and Properties of the Rare-earth Element-Cu-Ni-Si Alloy as Lead-Frame Coil Strip
As a key part of integrated circuit, the lead frame has been greatly developed in recent years. The copper alloy has not only excellent http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ electrical and thermal conductivity, but also it is low cost.So it is widely used in integrated circuits.In this study, Cu-3.0Ni-0.64Si alloy of different contents of Rare-earth element Ce, which are studied the processing technics and property. The qualified ignots are hot rolled, hot rolled strips are soluted. The samples are analyzed to choice feasibly temperatures of solution treatment. Many synthetical experiments that different ageing temperature, ageing time and cold deforming affecting on structure and property of copper alloy. The effects Cylinder neodymium magnet of different contents of Ce on the microstructure and properties of the Cu-3.0Ni-0.64Si alloy were studied, the best recruitment of Ce was obtained.
The results show that:As for as Cu-3.0Ni-0.64Si alloy concerned, the temperature of hot rolling is 900℃, time is 60 minutes. The temperature of solution is 900℃, time is 60 minutes. Then by about 80% cold deforming for aging, aging temperature is 480℃,time Cylinder neodymium magnet is 210 minutes. The best combination property for this Cu-3.0Ni-0.64Si alloy is 0.06%Ce of accession (Conductivity is 48.9%IACS, tensile strength is 733.17MPa). It is showed that Ce could purify melt,refine the grain,and improve the tensile strength of the Cu-3.0Ni-0.64Si alloy.In the alloy, Ni2Si plays the strengthening role.
As a key part of integrated circuit, the lead frame has been greatly developed in recent years. The copper alloy has not only excellent http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ electrical and thermal conductivity, but also it is low cost.So it is widely used in integrated circuits.In this study, Cu-3.0Ni-0.64Si alloy of different contents of Rare-earth element Ce, which are studied the processing technics and property. The qualified ignots are hot rolled, hot rolled strips are soluted. The samples are analyzed to choice feasibly temperatures of solution treatment. Many synthetical experiments that different ageing temperature, ageing time and cold deforming affecting on structure and property of copper alloy. The effects Cylinder neodymium magnet of different contents of Ce on the microstructure and properties of the Cu-3.0Ni-0.64Si alloy were studied, the best recruitment of Ce was obtained.
The results show that:As for as Cu-3.0Ni-0.64Si alloy concerned, the temperature of hot rolling is 900℃, time is 60 minutes. The temperature of solution is 900℃, time is 60 minutes. Then by about 80% cold deforming for aging, aging temperature is 480℃,time Cylinder neodymium magnet is 210 minutes. The best combination property for this Cu-3.0Ni-0.64Si alloy is 0.06%Ce of accession (Conductivity is 48.9%IACS, tensile strength is 733.17MPa). It is showed that Ce could purify melt,refine the grain,and improve the tensile strength of the Cu-3.0Ni-0.64Si alloy.In the alloy, Ni2Si plays the strengthening role.
The Upconversion Luminescence of Rare-earth Ions in Oxy-fluoride Glasses and Ceramics
The Upconversion Luminescence of Rare-earth Ions in Oxy-fluoride Glasses and Ceramics
Rare-earth (RE) doped materials are extensively used for all-solid-state short-wavelength lasers, three dimensional display and anti-fake labels et al, due to the fact that the RE doped materials can convert un-visible infrared and ultraviolet light into the visible light. In this paper, the RE doped materials having the property of converting the infrared into visible light, i.e., upconversion luminescence materials, were studied. The entire work could be distributed into two parts: Block neodymium magnet in the first part, the effects of materials’chemical composition on the luminescence efficiency of the samples were discussed in detail. The Er3+ doped oxyfluoride glasses with different matrix compositions were synthesized and corresponding optical measurements were carried out, including absorption spectra, Raman scattering and upconversion luminescence.
On basis of the above measurements, the influence of the composition on the absorption and emission properties of Er3+ and the phonon energy of the matrix was analyzed. Subsequently, the role of the phonons in the upconversion process was discussed specially. It was found that the ratio of the red to green emission (r(i)) of the low concentration of Er3+ doped samples was not influenced by the phonon energy under the 980 nm LD excitation. However, the value of r(i ) increased with the increase of the phonon energy in Er3+/Yb3+ codoped glasses which indicated that the emissions of this kind of material were influenced remarkably by the phonon. It was also http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ found that the red emission was enhanced hundreds of times, which means that the Er3+/Yb3+ codoped materials have the potential as the high-efficiency red emission materials. In the second part, i.e., chapter 4, the influence of microstructure on the upconversion luminescence of RE ions was studied. The microstructure was affected by many conditions, e.g., the uniformity of the solid-state reaction, the speed of cooling and the Block neodymium magnet annealing. In this part, the relationship between the microstructure and the luminescence was researched by the SEM and XRD. It was confirmed that the formation of the Pb2F2O dendrite is beneficiary to the increase of the emission intensity of Ho3+ in Ho3+ doped 20GeO2-80PbF2 ceramics. The overall emission intensity of Er3+, especially the red emission, was enhanced greatly which is ascribed to the precipitating ofβ-PbF2 crystals in Er3+ doped 50GeO2-50PbF2 glasses. The work in the second part is useful for the synthesis of the anti-fake and the phosphor materials, and the study of relationship between the luminescence and microstructure of RE doped materials.
Rare-earth (RE) doped materials are extensively used for all-solid-state short-wavelength lasers, three dimensional display and anti-fake labels et al, due to the fact that the RE doped materials can convert un-visible infrared and ultraviolet light into the visible light. In this paper, the RE doped materials having the property of converting the infrared into visible light, i.e., upconversion luminescence materials, were studied. The entire work could be distributed into two parts: Block neodymium magnet in the first part, the effects of materials’chemical composition on the luminescence efficiency of the samples were discussed in detail. The Er3+ doped oxyfluoride glasses with different matrix compositions were synthesized and corresponding optical measurements were carried out, including absorption spectra, Raman scattering and upconversion luminescence.
On basis of the above measurements, the influence of the composition on the absorption and emission properties of Er3+ and the phonon energy of the matrix was analyzed. Subsequently, the role of the phonons in the upconversion process was discussed specially. It was found that the ratio of the red to green emission (r(i)) of the low concentration of Er3+ doped samples was not influenced by the phonon energy under the 980 nm LD excitation. However, the value of r(i ) increased with the increase of the phonon energy in Er3+/Yb3+ codoped glasses which indicated that the emissions of this kind of material were influenced remarkably by the phonon. It was also http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ found that the red emission was enhanced hundreds of times, which means that the Er3+/Yb3+ codoped materials have the potential as the high-efficiency red emission materials. In the second part, i.e., chapter 4, the influence of microstructure on the upconversion luminescence of RE ions was studied. The microstructure was affected by many conditions, e.g., the uniformity of the solid-state reaction, the speed of cooling and the Block neodymium magnet annealing. In this part, the relationship between the microstructure and the luminescence was researched by the SEM and XRD. It was confirmed that the formation of the Pb2F2O dendrite is beneficiary to the increase of the emission intensity of Ho3+ in Ho3+ doped 20GeO2-80PbF2 ceramics. The overall emission intensity of Er3+, especially the red emission, was enhanced greatly which is ascribed to the precipitating ofβ-PbF2 crystals in Er3+ doped 50GeO2-50PbF2 glasses. The work in the second part is useful for the synthesis of the anti-fake and the phosphor materials, and the study of relationship between the luminescence and microstructure of RE doped materials.
Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Rare Earth Ions-Nonmetal Co-Doped TiO2 Photocatalyst
Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Rare Earth Ions-Nonmetal Co-Doped TiO2 Photocatalyst
ABSTRACTTiO-based semiconductor photocatalysis technology has been shown to be potentially advantageous for environmental remediation as it may lead to complete mineralization of pollutants at ambient conditions with the use of ultraviolet light as the energy source. However, the large scale application of titanium dioxide as mutual photocatalyst is hampered by the fact that it absorbs only the very small ultraviolet part (3(?)4%) of solar light due to its wide Ball Neodymium Magnets band-gap of 3.2eV.An effective approach to shifting the optical response of TiO from the ultraviolet to the visible spectral range is the doping of TiO with nonmetal and Rare Earth Ions. In this paper, by using La and Ce as Rare Earth Ions , and N and S as nonmetal, many kinds of Rare Earth Ions-nonmetal co-doped TiO samples were prepared by precipitation-doping method. The photocatalytic degradation of Acid Blue 62 was used as model reaction to evaluate the visible light activity of these samples. The sample doped with La and S has the have the maximum photocatalytic activity. The structural and photics properties of such photocatalysts were characterized by UV-Vis DRS, XRD and BET. The results showed: the absorption edge of La/S/TiO shifted remarkably toward longer wavelength, and showed the strongest absorption for visible light. The average grain size 4.6nm for La/S/TiO, and dispersed equably. The sample is composed of anatase and rutile. S doping produced impurity midgap levels, involving the enhancement of visible light activity of TiO.
The crystal size of the TiO particles was restrained and resulted in the separation of electrons and hole after the La doped into the crystal lattice. Co-doping with La and S showed a synergistic effect for improving the photocatalytic activity in visible light. As module reaction, the photocatalytic degradation of Acid Blue 62 and Reactive Blue 198 were investigated. Ball Neodymium Magnets The effects of calcining temperature, calcining time and concentration of La on the catalytic activity were evaluated. The photocatalytic properties were also influenced by the catalyst quantity, the initial concentration of the dyestuff solutions and initial pH value of the solutions. The result showed that the optimum preparation conditions and the optimum catalytic conditions for Acid Blue 62 and Reactive Blue 198 respectively were: the calcining temperature being 300(?)and 450(?), calcining time being 2 hour and lhour,and concentration of La being 2.5%, the dosage of catalyst being 1.0g/L and 0.5g/L, the concentration of dyestuff solutions being 50mg/L and 100 mg/L, the acidity of the solution being pH=7.The best decolor rate being 95.88% and 99.83%.At last, the reaction kinetics was studied. The reaction could be described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation, and was a pseudo-first-order.The innovations of this http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ work included: (1) preparing several kinds of nonmetal and Rare Earth Ions co-doped TiO by precipitation-doping method, (2) the La/S/TiO photocatalyst has the best visible-light-activity was selected to study in-depth, and discussing the mechanism of the influence induced by La and S doping on photocatalytic, (3) the optimum preparation conditions and the optimum catalytic conditions were ascertained respectively.Xiao Dongchang (Environmental Science) Supervised by Prof. Zhuang Huisheng
ABSTRACTTiO-based semiconductor photocatalysis technology has been shown to be potentially advantageous for environmental remediation as it may lead to complete mineralization of pollutants at ambient conditions with the use of ultraviolet light as the energy source. However, the large scale application of titanium dioxide as mutual photocatalyst is hampered by the fact that it absorbs only the very small ultraviolet part (3(?)4%) of solar light due to its wide Ball Neodymium Magnets band-gap of 3.2eV.An effective approach to shifting the optical response of TiO from the ultraviolet to the visible spectral range is the doping of TiO with nonmetal and Rare Earth Ions. In this paper, by using La and Ce as Rare Earth Ions , and N and S as nonmetal, many kinds of Rare Earth Ions-nonmetal co-doped TiO samples were prepared by precipitation-doping method. The photocatalytic degradation of Acid Blue 62 was used as model reaction to evaluate the visible light activity of these samples. The sample doped with La and S has the have the maximum photocatalytic activity. The structural and photics properties of such photocatalysts were characterized by UV-Vis DRS, XRD and BET. The results showed: the absorption edge of La/S/TiO shifted remarkably toward longer wavelength, and showed the strongest absorption for visible light. The average grain size 4.6nm for La/S/TiO, and dispersed equably. The sample is composed of anatase and rutile. S doping produced impurity midgap levels, involving the enhancement of visible light activity of TiO.
The crystal size of the TiO particles was restrained and resulted in the separation of electrons and hole after the La doped into the crystal lattice. Co-doping with La and S showed a synergistic effect for improving the photocatalytic activity in visible light. As module reaction, the photocatalytic degradation of Acid Blue 62 and Reactive Blue 198 were investigated. Ball Neodymium Magnets The effects of calcining temperature, calcining time and concentration of La on the catalytic activity were evaluated. The photocatalytic properties were also influenced by the catalyst quantity, the initial concentration of the dyestuff solutions and initial pH value of the solutions. The result showed that the optimum preparation conditions and the optimum catalytic conditions for Acid Blue 62 and Reactive Blue 198 respectively were: the calcining temperature being 300(?)and 450(?), calcining time being 2 hour and lhour,and concentration of La being 2.5%, the dosage of catalyst being 1.0g/L and 0.5g/L, the concentration of dyestuff solutions being 50mg/L and 100 mg/L, the acidity of the solution being pH=7.The best decolor rate being 95.88% and 99.83%.At last, the reaction kinetics was studied. The reaction could be described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation, and was a pseudo-first-order.The innovations of this http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ work included: (1) preparing several kinds of nonmetal and Rare Earth Ions co-doped TiO by precipitation-doping method, (2) the La/S/TiO photocatalyst has the best visible-light-activity was selected to study in-depth, and discussing the mechanism of the influence induced by La and S doping on photocatalytic, (3) the optimum preparation conditions and the optimum catalytic conditions were ascertained respectively.Xiao Dongchang (Environmental Science) Supervised by Prof. Zhuang Huisheng
Sythesis, Characterization and Studies on Fluorescence Property of Rare Earth Complexes with 2-Thiopheneacetic Acid and 1,10-Phenanthrolione
Sythesis, Characterization and Studies on Fluorescence Property of Rare Earth Complexes with 2-Thiopheneacetic Acid and 1,10-Phenanthrolione
Two series of twenty solid complexes of rare earth perchlorate compounds andfive different proportion co-doped complexes(Eu3+:La3+) with 2-thiophene acid and1, 10-phenanthroline have been synthesized and characterazied.Elemental analysis, rare earth neodymium magnets coordination titration and TG-DTA studies showthat the complexes have the composition of Ln(TPAC)3Phen (Ln3+=Sm3+、Eu3+、Tb3+、Dy3+); Different nuclear complexes composed of Ln0.5RE0.5(TPAC)3Phen(Ln3+=Sm3+、Eu3+、Tb3+、Dy3+; RE3+=La3+、Gd3+、Y3+、Er3+); (EuxLay)(TPAC)3Phen(x:y=0.10:0.90; 0.30:0.70; 0.40:0.60; 0.70:0.30; 0.90:0.10).
The molar conductivityindicates that all the complexes are nonelectrolyte; IR spectra and 1HNMR spectrashow that 2-thiophene acid combined as the form of chelating symmetricalbidentate ligand and phen the two nitrogen atoms are also involved in the rare earthion coordination. Fluorescence spectra and fluorescence lifetimes show that thefluorescent lifetime of single neodymium magnets nuclear complexes are higher than different nuclear complexes, aplexes arend lifetime of a series of europium com higher than theseries of terbium; What s more,the triplet state level of the ligand is most matchingwith the excitated state level of Eu3+ and Tb3+, In addition, the influence http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ of ligandsand co-doped ions and rare-earth ions different proportions have also beendiscussed deeply.
Two series of twenty solid complexes of rare earth perchlorate compounds andfive different proportion co-doped complexes(Eu3+:La3+) with 2-thiophene acid and1, 10-phenanthroline have been synthesized and characterazied.Elemental analysis, rare earth neodymium magnets coordination titration and TG-DTA studies showthat the complexes have the composition of Ln(TPAC)3Phen (Ln3+=Sm3+、Eu3+、Tb3+、Dy3+); Different nuclear complexes composed of Ln0.5RE0.5(TPAC)3Phen(Ln3+=Sm3+、Eu3+、Tb3+、Dy3+; RE3+=La3+、Gd3+、Y3+、Er3+); (EuxLay)(TPAC)3Phen(x:y=0.10:0.90; 0.30:0.70; 0.40:0.60; 0.70:0.30; 0.90:0.10).
The molar conductivityindicates that all the complexes are nonelectrolyte; IR spectra and 1HNMR spectrashow that 2-thiophene acid combined as the form of chelating symmetricalbidentate ligand and phen the two nitrogen atoms are also involved in the rare earthion coordination. Fluorescence spectra and fluorescence lifetimes show that thefluorescent lifetime of single neodymium magnets nuclear complexes are higher than different nuclear complexes, aplexes arend lifetime of a series of europium com higher than theseries of terbium; What s more,the triplet state level of the ligand is most matchingwith the excitated state level of Eu3+ and Tb3+, In addition, the influence http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ of ligandsand co-doped ions and rare-earth ions different proportions have also beendiscussed deeply.
2012年4月26日星期四
The Thermodynamics and Kinetics Analysis of in Situ Al2O3-TiCp/Al Composites Fabricated by Melting and Casting
The Thermodynamics and Kinetics Analysis of in Situ Al2O3-TiCp/Al Composites Fabricated by Melting and Casting
By means of differential scanning calorimeters (DSC) and scanning electronic microscope and energy dispersive spectrum (EDAX) and X-ray Diffractometer(XRD) etc., the thermodynamics and kinetics of a serial of synthetical reactions in Al-TiO2-C system were analyzed, and the kinetic model for reactive mechanisms of the in situ Al2O3-TiCp/Al composites made through melting and casting technique, and the fabrication processes of the composites were formulated. Block Neodymium magnets Meantime, the influences of rare earth oxide CeO2 on the shape and size and distribution and quantity and microstructures of in situ Al2O3-TiCp/Al composites were investigated.The calculated results show that the in situ Al2O3-TiCp/Al composites can be obtained by controlling temperature and other technological parameters from the thermodynamics, and avoidable of existence of harmful Al4C3 and Al3Ti phases.
The kinetic mechanism is composed of melting http://www.999magnet.com/ and diffusion and reaction and cooling stages for the fabrication of in situ Al2O3-TiCp/Al composites. The main chemical reactions in the Al-TiO2-C system consist of both formation Al2O3 particles which Al replaces Ti atom and TiC particles which the graphite and react with its rich Ti layer with a release of strong heat. The kinetic model of Al2O3-TiCp/Al composites by melting case was firstly established. The Block Neodymium magnets kinetic analysis revealed that the finer the graphite and TiO2 powder and mixture, the larger the volume fraction of reinforcements, and the more the rate of the chemical reactions.The experimental results present that the in situ Al2O3-TiCp/Al composites with disperse, submicro in size, distributed homogeneously have been successfully fabricated. The adding of rare earth oxide CeO2 reduce the Gibbs free energy and reactive temperature, shorten the reactive period, improve the microstructures of in situ Al2O3-TiCp/Al composites further.
By means of differential scanning calorimeters (DSC) and scanning electronic microscope and energy dispersive spectrum (EDAX) and X-ray Diffractometer(XRD) etc., the thermodynamics and kinetics of a serial of synthetical reactions in Al-TiO2-C system were analyzed, and the kinetic model for reactive mechanisms of the in situ Al2O3-TiCp/Al composites made through melting and casting technique, and the fabrication processes of the composites were formulated. Block Neodymium magnets Meantime, the influences of rare earth oxide CeO2 on the shape and size and distribution and quantity and microstructures of in situ Al2O3-TiCp/Al composites were investigated.The calculated results show that the in situ Al2O3-TiCp/Al composites can be obtained by controlling temperature and other technological parameters from the thermodynamics, and avoidable of existence of harmful Al4C3 and Al3Ti phases.
The kinetic mechanism is composed of melting http://www.999magnet.com/ and diffusion and reaction and cooling stages for the fabrication of in situ Al2O3-TiCp/Al composites. The main chemical reactions in the Al-TiO2-C system consist of both formation Al2O3 particles which Al replaces Ti atom and TiC particles which the graphite and react with its rich Ti layer with a release of strong heat. The kinetic model of Al2O3-TiCp/Al composites by melting case was firstly established. The Block Neodymium magnets kinetic analysis revealed that the finer the graphite and TiO2 powder and mixture, the larger the volume fraction of reinforcements, and the more the rate of the chemical reactions.The experimental results present that the in situ Al2O3-TiCp/Al composites with disperse, submicro in size, distributed homogeneously have been successfully fabricated. The adding of rare earth oxide CeO2 reduce the Gibbs free energy and reactive temperature, shorten the reactive period, improve the microstructures of in situ Al2O3-TiCp/Al composites further.
Preparation and Tribological Properties of Silane/ Rare Earth Self-Assembled Films
Preparation and Tribological Properties of Silane/ Rare Earth Self-Assembled Films
Micro-electromechanical-systems (MEMS) are of the characteristic such as small size, light weight and compact integration. Friction, wear and stiction are the important factors affecting the performance and reliability of MEMS. Surface modification of the microstructure materials has been an effective means of improving friction, reducing wear, restraining stiction and enhancing stability of MEMS. Molecular thin films technique is one of the effective ways to improve friction Block Neodymium magnets and reduce wear in order to enhance the stability and reliability of MEMS.Self-assembly technique is an effective technique developed in the recent 30 years preparing super thin film.
The researchers are interested in the excellent lubricant performance of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and pay a lot of attention to the preparation and tribological behavior of self-assembled monolayers.In this paper, self-sssemble technique http://www.999magnet.com/ has been used to prepare thin films in view of the defects of currently used surface modification methods in MEMS. The mechanical and tribological properties have been improved due to the special physical chemical characteristics of rare earths. Some significant original results have been obtained.Firstly, silane/rare earth composite films were prepared by self-sssemble technique on the substrate of silane SAMs. The films’surface Block Neodymium magnets morphology of the films was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM); the chemical composition and phase transformation of the films’typical elements was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); the films’surface energy was evaluated by contact angle measuring equipment. The process and mechanism of the self-assembly was researched by the experimental results.Secondly, the variation value of the rare earth free energy is -336 KJ/mol in self-assembly processes by thermofynamic calculation, which indicated that the RE can
Micro-electromechanical-systems (MEMS) are of the characteristic such as small size, light weight and compact integration. Friction, wear and stiction are the important factors affecting the performance and reliability of MEMS. Surface modification of the microstructure materials has been an effective means of improving friction, reducing wear, restraining stiction and enhancing stability of MEMS. Molecular thin films technique is one of the effective ways to improve friction Block Neodymium magnets and reduce wear in order to enhance the stability and reliability of MEMS.Self-assembly technique is an effective technique developed in the recent 30 years preparing super thin film.
The researchers are interested in the excellent lubricant performance of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and pay a lot of attention to the preparation and tribological behavior of self-assembled monolayers.In this paper, self-sssemble technique http://www.999magnet.com/ has been used to prepare thin films in view of the defects of currently used surface modification methods in MEMS. The mechanical and tribological properties have been improved due to the special physical chemical characteristics of rare earths. Some significant original results have been obtained.Firstly, silane/rare earth composite films were prepared by self-sssemble technique on the substrate of silane SAMs. The films’surface Block Neodymium magnets morphology of the films was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM); the chemical composition and phase transformation of the films’typical elements was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); the films’surface energy was evaluated by contact angle measuring equipment. The process and mechanism of the self-assembly was researched by the experimental results.Secondly, the variation value of the rare earth free energy is -336 KJ/mol in self-assembly processes by thermofynamic calculation, which indicated that the RE can
Synthesis and Characterization of Rare Earth Metal Chelates of 1’-Heptylferrocenylhydroxamic Acid
Synthesis and Characterization of Rare Earth Metal Chelates of 1’-Heptylferrocenylhydroxamic Acid
Transitional and rare earth metal complexes have been studied widely, but rare earth complexes of 1’- heptylferrocenylhydroxamic acid have not been http://www.999magnet.com/ reported. In view of extensive usage of ferrocene derivatives and rare earth metal complexes, we have prepared 1’- heptylferrocenylhydroxamic acid and fourteen new rare earth metal chelates of it. The ligand and all of the chelates have been characterized by elemental analysis, thermal(DTA-TG) analysis,
IR spectra, UV spectra and solid fluorescence spectra.All of the chelates are orange solid, except the CeL3·H2O(Black), and stable in the air for a long time. Alnico magnets Element analysis and thermal analysis have proven that the general formula of these chelates is as follow: (C7H15FcCONHO)3·Ln·xH2O (Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, x= 1～6). By analyzing the IR spectra, 1HNMR spectra and UV spectra, we can confirm that all the chelates are formed by [O,O] five-membered ring chelating coordination.
Transitional and rare earth metal complexes have been studied widely, but rare earth complexes of 1’- heptylferrocenylhydroxamic acid have not been http://www.999magnet.com/ reported. In view of extensive usage of ferrocene derivatives and rare earth metal complexes, we have prepared 1’- heptylferrocenylhydroxamic acid and fourteen new rare earth metal chelates of it. The ligand and all of the chelates have been characterized by elemental analysis, thermal(DTA-TG) analysis,
IR spectra, UV spectra and solid fluorescence spectra.All of the chelates are orange solid, except the CeL3·H2O(Black), and stable in the air for a long time. Alnico magnets Element analysis and thermal analysis have proven that the general formula of these chelates is as follow: (C7H15FcCONHO)3·Ln·xH2O (Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, x= 1～6). By analyzing the IR spectra, 1HNMR spectra and UV spectra, we can confirm that all the chelates are formed by [O,O] five-membered ring chelating coordination.
Investigation of Stress Tester for Rare Earth Device
Investigation of Stress Tester for Rare Earth Device
As the application range of rare earth device is very extensive, knowledge of the stress-strain relationship of rare earth device is helpful to optimize the work point of rare earth device, and to supervise the device design of a giant magnetostrictive alloy.The stress tester of rare earth device was designed and investigated, combined with the static property of giant magnetostrictive materials. The printed circuit board was designed, and the stress tester was debugged. The stress tester was composed of the hardware and software. The hardware was composed of several parts such as human-machine interface, analog-digital converter and so on. The software functions Segment neodymium magnets as data collection, data disposal and data output. The stress tester has characteristics of speediness and high precision.The static properties, such as magnetostriction, hysteresis loop, magnetomechanical coupling coefficient were measured with the magnetic measurement system of multiple parameters. It is found that the measurement result is reliable and repeated, and the parameters can be used to design a magnetostrictive device.The hardware circuit of the stress tester was designed on the base of circuit theory. The core of the control system is MCU(AT89S51). The circuit design mainly includes interface designs, such as address coding circuit, human-machine, AD converter, etc. The PCB was depicted and tested. The testing result indicates that the circuit design is logical, and it can reach an expected target.The software function flow was designed and hardware-soft testing of the stress tester was carried out. The software design Segment neodymium magnets mainly includes system initialization, key judgement, dataprocessing. The hardware-soft testing mainly includes MCU-AD interface testing, human-machine testing.The result analysis of stress tester indicates that the stress tester works steadily, quickly and precisely. 更多还原
2012年4月24日星期二
Synthesis, Characterization and Studies on Fluorescence Property of Doped Rare Earth-NTA-Phen Complexes
Synthesis, Characterization and Studies on Fluorescence Property of Doped Rare Earth-NTA-Phen Complexes
Two series of thirteen complexes of rare earth chloride with 4, 4, 4-trifluoro-1-(2-naphthyl)-1, 3-butanedione and phenanthroline have been synthesized andcharacterized. In addition, Ten solid complexes doped with different proportional rareearth ions have been synthesized.Elemental analysis, rare earth coordination titration and TG-DTA studiesindicate that the composition of the series of Eu3+ doped with different rare earth ionshave this type molecular rare earth magnets formula: Eu0.5RE0.5(NTA)3Phen (RE3+=Y3+, La3+, Gd3+,Sm3+, Tb3+, Dy3+); The composition of the series of Sm3+ doped with different rareearth ions have molecular formula as follows: Sm0.5RE0.5(NTA)3Phen (RE3+=Y3+,La3+, Gd3+). There are two groups of the series of Eu3+ complexes doped withdifferent proportional rare earth ions.
The first group is the series ofEuxYy(NTA)3Phen, The doped atom is Y; The second group is EuxTby(NTA)3Phen,The doped atom is Tb. The http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ doped proportion is x:y=0.1:0.9; 0.3:0.7; 0.4:0.6; 0.7:0.3;0.9:0.1. The molar conductivity indicates that all the complexes are nonelectrolyte.1HNMR spectra and IR spectra show that the ligands coordinate (double-tooth) withRE3+ ions through the oxygen negative ion of enolic form of 4, 4, 4-trifluoro- 1-(2-naphthyl)-1, 3-butanedione rare earth magnets and the two nitrogen atoms of phenanthroline,Fluorescence spectra show that the fluorescence intensity of the series of Eu3+complexes are much higher than that of the series of Sm3+ complexes. Fluorescencelifetime show that the decay time of Eu3+ complexes are longer than that of the seriesof Sm3+ complexes; Furthermore, The best fluorescence intensity was studied in thisarticle according to different proportional doped rare earth ions.
Two series of thirteen complexes of rare earth chloride with 4, 4, 4-trifluoro-1-(2-naphthyl)-1, 3-butanedione and phenanthroline have been synthesized andcharacterized. In addition, Ten solid complexes doped with different proportional rareearth ions have been synthesized.Elemental analysis, rare earth coordination titration and TG-DTA studiesindicate that the composition of the series of Eu3+ doped with different rare earth ionshave this type molecular rare earth magnets formula: Eu0.5RE0.5(NTA)3Phen (RE3+=Y3+, La3+, Gd3+,Sm3+, Tb3+, Dy3+); The composition of the series of Sm3+ doped with different rareearth ions have molecular formula as follows: Sm0.5RE0.5(NTA)3Phen (RE3+=Y3+,La3+, Gd3+). There are two groups of the series of Eu3+ complexes doped withdifferent proportional rare earth ions.
The first group is the series ofEuxYy(NTA)3Phen, The doped atom is Y; The second group is EuxTby(NTA)3Phen,The doped atom is Tb. The http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ doped proportion is x:y=0.1:0.9; 0.3:0.7; 0.4:0.6; 0.7:0.3;0.9:0.1. The molar conductivity indicates that all the complexes are nonelectrolyte.1HNMR spectra and IR spectra show that the ligands coordinate (double-tooth) withRE3+ ions through the oxygen negative ion of enolic form of 4, 4, 4-trifluoro- 1-(2-naphthyl)-1, 3-butanedione rare earth magnets and the two nitrogen atoms of phenanthroline,Fluorescence spectra show that the fluorescence intensity of the series of Eu3+complexes are much higher than that of the series of Sm3+ complexes. Fluorescencelifetime show that the decay time of Eu3+ complexes are longer than that of the seriesof Sm3+ complexes; Furthermore, The best fluorescence intensity was studied in thisarticle according to different proportional doped rare earth ions.
Doubie Rare-earth Conversion Films Formed on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy and Study Its Protection
Doubie Rare-earth Conversion Films Formed on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy and Study Its Protection
The double rare-earth treatment for AZ31 Mg alloy substrates were studied by soaking in cerium nitrate and lanthanum nitrate mixture solutions to discuss the effects of immersion temperature,immersion times and solutions with KMnO4 and so on and to Ball Neodymium Magnets characterize the influence of conversion coatings on corrosion resistance properties.The corrosion protection capability of double rare-earth conversion films was evaluated by titration test,weight lossing test and Tafel polarization curves.With the increase of immersion time,changing colors time in titration test adds from 6s to 79 s.The corrosion speed of conversion films in 3.5 %NaCl solutions is 1/5 times than that of Mg alloy substrates.Polarization curve shows that the improvement of corrosion potential is 0.313 V.And corrosion current density reduces from 4.03×10-2 mA/cm2 to 2.31×10-4mA/cm2.SEM test investigates that the morphology of conversion coating is cracked and dry-muddy. The corrosion resistance property presents the trend of increasing firstly and decreasing later with the extending of immersion time.
Design uniformity test,the http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ capability of conversion films was evaluated by SEM,titration test,weight lossing test and Tafel polarization curves and make certain optimal treatment technics:immersion temperature 48.679℃,immersion times3min,immersion concentration of solution 0.006 mol·L-1,solutions with KMnO4 7.2 mL·L-1,molar ration of cerium and lanthanum in solution 0.5.New film was formed on the surface of double rare-earth conversion film, treated by TiO2 sol.The SEM micrograph shows that the new substance arises in the crack of the surface of the double rare-earth conversion films.The inside film are unexposed and the cracks are decreased,then the films become more uniform. Ball Neodymium Magnets The double rare-earth conversion films treated by TiO2 sol are tested by potentiodynamic polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The results indicate that the corrosion potential of specimen is improved from -1.167 V to -0.777 V,the corrosion current density is reduced two magnitudes,the radius of capacitance loops of EIS is enlarged,and the polarization resistance is improved from 1.62 kΩto 1.81 kΩ.The corrosion resistance of specimen is increased obviously.The E-t test analysis come into being property of conversion films.
The double rare-earth treatment for AZ31 Mg alloy substrates were studied by soaking in cerium nitrate and lanthanum nitrate mixture solutions to discuss the effects of immersion temperature,immersion times and solutions with KMnO4 and so on and to Ball Neodymium Magnets characterize the influence of conversion coatings on corrosion resistance properties.The corrosion protection capability of double rare-earth conversion films was evaluated by titration test,weight lossing test and Tafel polarization curves.With the increase of immersion time,changing colors time in titration test adds from 6s to 79 s.The corrosion speed of conversion films in 3.5 %NaCl solutions is 1/5 times than that of Mg alloy substrates.Polarization curve shows that the improvement of corrosion potential is 0.313 V.And corrosion current density reduces from 4.03×10-2 mA/cm2 to 2.31×10-4mA/cm2.SEM test investigates that the morphology of conversion coating is cracked and dry-muddy. The corrosion resistance property presents the trend of increasing firstly and decreasing later with the extending of immersion time.
Design uniformity test,the http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ capability of conversion films was evaluated by SEM,titration test,weight lossing test and Tafel polarization curves and make certain optimal treatment technics:immersion temperature 48.679℃,immersion times3min,immersion concentration of solution 0.006 mol·L-1,solutions with KMnO4 7.2 mL·L-1,molar ration of cerium and lanthanum in solution 0.5.New film was formed on the surface of double rare-earth conversion film, treated by TiO2 sol.The SEM micrograph shows that the new substance arises in the crack of the surface of the double rare-earth conversion films.The inside film are unexposed and the cracks are decreased,then the films become more uniform. Ball Neodymium Magnets The double rare-earth conversion films treated by TiO2 sol are tested by potentiodynamic polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The results indicate that the corrosion potential of specimen is improved from -1.167 V to -0.777 V,the corrosion current density is reduced two magnitudes,the radius of capacitance loops of EIS is enlarged,and the polarization resistance is improved from 1.62 kΩto 1.81 kΩ.The corrosion resistance of specimen is increased obviously.The E-t test analysis come into being property of conversion films.
Preparation, Investigation and Application of SrAl2O4 Luminescent Material
Preparation, Investigation and Application of SrAl2O4 Luminescent Material
Kelly-emitting SrAl2O4, co-doped with Eu2+ and Dy3+ ions, is regarded as a useful phosphor that has good brightness, long persistent phosphorescence and greater chemical stability. Microwave assisted solid-state reaction is a new method for synthesizing inorganic materials by using microwave energy, which was known as an high efficient and quick, energy saving, heating-homogeneous, safe and clean method. In this paper, the SrAl2O4: Eu, Dy long afterglow phosphors neodymium magnets were prepared by microwave assisted solid-state reaction synthesis. After been tested and approved eligible, the phosphor was introduced in the preparation process of luminous porcelain enamel.
1. We offered a new synthesis route for SrAl2O4: Eu, Dy phosphor in this paper. Effect of synthesis route on the powder properties were assessed by means of X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a fluorescence spectrometer was used to detect the afterglow decay, excitation and emission spectra of the samples. The analytical results showed that, when the mole ratio of Sr: Al: Eu: Dy: B is 1:2:0.6:0.01:0.02, active carbon is used as http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ microwave absorber and reducing agent, boric acid is used as flux, microwave power is 700W and heating time is 30 min, we could get nanometer SrAl2O4: Eu, Dy luminescent material.2. The SrAl2O4 phosphors prepared by microwave route and phosphors produced by traditional solid-state method were characterized by means of SEM, XRD and FL spectra separately, the differences between them were discussed as well. Compared with those synthesized by solid-state reaction process, the phosphors prepared by microwave route showed a smaller grain size, regular morphology and a clear blue shift occurred in the excitation and emission spectra. neodymium magnets The results showed that the nanometer SrAl2O4 phosphor by microwave route could be applied extensively in many fields.3. By the craft of powder sieving, the obtained SrAl2O4 phosphor was used as phosphorescent pigment for the development of luminous porcelain enamel. The relevant performances of luminous porcelain enamel, like surface quality and luminous performance:, were characterized and discussed. The results showed that the luminous porcelain enamel produced by the microwave-prepared SrAl2O4 luminous powder has good brightness and surface quality.
Kelly-emitting SrAl2O4, co-doped with Eu2+ and Dy3+ ions, is regarded as a useful phosphor that has good brightness, long persistent phosphorescence and greater chemical stability. Microwave assisted solid-state reaction is a new method for synthesizing inorganic materials by using microwave energy, which was known as an high efficient and quick, energy saving, heating-homogeneous, safe and clean method. In this paper, the SrAl2O4: Eu, Dy long afterglow phosphors neodymium magnets were prepared by microwave assisted solid-state reaction synthesis. After been tested and approved eligible, the phosphor was introduced in the preparation process of luminous porcelain enamel.
1. We offered a new synthesis route for SrAl2O4: Eu, Dy phosphor in this paper. Effect of synthesis route on the powder properties were assessed by means of X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a fluorescence spectrometer was used to detect the afterglow decay, excitation and emission spectra of the samples. The analytical results showed that, when the mole ratio of Sr: Al: Eu: Dy: B is 1:2:0.6:0.01:0.02, active carbon is used as http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ microwave absorber and reducing agent, boric acid is used as flux, microwave power is 700W and heating time is 30 min, we could get nanometer SrAl2O4: Eu, Dy luminescent material.2. The SrAl2O4 phosphors prepared by microwave route and phosphors produced by traditional solid-state method were characterized by means of SEM, XRD and FL spectra separately, the differences between them were discussed as well. Compared with those synthesized by solid-state reaction process, the phosphors prepared by microwave route showed a smaller grain size, regular morphology and a clear blue shift occurred in the excitation and emission spectra. neodymium magnets The results showed that the nanometer SrAl2O4 phosphor by microwave route could be applied extensively in many fields.3. By the craft of powder sieving, the obtained SrAl2O4 phosphor was used as phosphorescent pigment for the development of luminous porcelain enamel. The relevant performances of luminous porcelain enamel, like surface quality and luminous performance:, were characterized and discussed. The results showed that the luminous porcelain enamel produced by the microwave-prepared SrAl2O4 luminous powder has good brightness and surface quality.
2012年4月22日星期日
Study on Preperation, Characterization and Methodology of Salen-type Metal Complexes and Rare Earth Nanometer Oxide
Study on Preperation, Characterization and Methodology of Salen-type Metal Complexes and Rare Earth Nanometer Oxide
Salen and its derivatives are a kind of important ligands, which are prepared by the condensation of aldehydes or ketones with amines or hydrazines. It is signality to study Salen and their complexes due to their easy preparation, well coordinated capability to the transition metal ions, as well as the effectively pharmacology and physiology.The study on this kind of compound has been the hotspot of the coordination chemistry field for many years.In order to investigate the mechanism, construction and stability of the physiology and pharmacology, it is very important to study the coordination between the Salen and the metal ions. To study the designation, preparation, magnetism and biological activity of the complexes bearing more than one paramagnetic center is not only useful to illustrate the electron transfer in the life and the active part of the metal loenzyme, but also to illustrate the relationships between the magnetism and the structures, furthermore, to bring out the theories in the designation Neodymium Magnets of novel magnetic materials.Bis(salicyladimine) derivatives are good tetradentate N2O2-donating ligands with largeπ-conjugating system.
The N-donating ligands have been applied diffusely in synthesis of transition metal complexes for their better coordination capability, so we studied their special properties such as characterizations in light, electricity, magnetism, catalysis and biochemistry. The applied foreground of these compomds will be extensive in the field of catalysis, bioactivity and material etc. So, preparing new Salen complexes and studying their properties and applications are of great importance to the development of coordination chemistry.In this paper, there kinds of novel Salen ligands and its derivatives which are 4,4’-dichloro-2,2’-[ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol(H2L1), 4,4’-dichloro-2,2’-[(1,3-propylene)dioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol(H2L2), 4,4’-dichloro-2,2’-[(1 ,4-butylene)dioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol(H2L3), have been synthesized make use of three kinds of novel diamine (1,2-bis(aminooxy)ethane, 1,3-bis(aminooxy)propane and 1,4-bis(aminoxy)-butane). The complexes have been synthesized by the reaction of the ligands with transition metal acetate in this article. The ligands and their complexes were characterized by elementary analysis, IR spectra, 1H-NMR, TG-DTA analysis, molar conductance Neodymium Magnets analysis and X-ray single crystal diffraction et.al. Structures of the compounds have been determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction.There single crystals of the ligands and their complexes have been obtained by nature evaporation or gaseous diffusion method, which are H2L1 ligand, H2L2 ligand, H2L3 ligand, Cu(Ⅱ) acetate monohydrate complex with H2L1, Co(Ⅱ) acetate tetrahydrate complex with H2L1, Co(Ⅱ) acetate tetrahydrate complex with H2L2 (matched by methanol and ethanol respectively) and Ni(Ⅱ) tetrahydrate complex with H2L2 and their space structures which are maked certain by X-ray single crystal diffractionRare earth nanometer oxide is one of important rare earth compound, which is a new technology material, can be used to irradiance material, http://www.999magnet.com/ ultraviolet absorb material, the rag wheel of glass, catalyst, electron chinaware etc. Moreover, the rare earth nanometer oxide put up more ascendant capability. They can incarnate a great deal of novel character and application when they are made to be nanometer oxide.Solid-state reaction and nitrate-glycine solution combustion method were introduced in this paper, and preparation technics of a series of rare earth oxide nanometer powder were discussed systemicly.
The average particle size and the shape of sample were characterized by TG-DTA , TEM and XRD. Compared with each other on the base of technics and economy aspects, we can put forward a feasible technics parameter in magnify middle experimentation.Nanometer CeO2 , La2O3, Nd2O3 powders were prepared by solid-state reaction: In appropriate technologic conditions, RE formate as a precursor, Nano-rare earth oxides have been prepared by the thermal decomposition. The process parameters is: n (ceria) :n(HCOOH)=1:3.5; with cerium carbonate dispersant A mass ratio (200 :1); drying temperature is 90℃; drying time is 2 hours. The system can be smaller than 15 nm in diameter CeO2 nanocrystalline after powder roasted at 525℃for about 30min; Thermal analysis shows that: Ce(COOH)3 into CeO2 one-step in the process is completed, in Ce(COOH)3 to the complete transformation of CeO2 in the vicinity of 280℃.Nanometer Sm2O3, Eu2O3 and Y2O3 powders were prepared by nitrate-glycine solution combustion method: a certain amount of nitrate RE and glycine (at 1:1 molar ratio) be mixed in crucible, A reaction mixture can be gained by adding a certain amount of Neodymium Magnets water. Put the solution into the muffle whose temperature is 100℃which was warm-up advance, and then keeps for 10 min. Heat up sequentially till the temperature of temperature the muffle reaches 520℃. That is a product of goal at half an hour to respond fully. The crystal shape of the sample is half-baked under 250℃; when the temperature above 350℃, nano spathic power can be gained; the preferable nano spathic power can gained at 520℃.Analysis of TEM illustrates that: the cerium dioxide nano-powder has a uniform measurement and regular spherical shape prepared with process above. Crystal grain size measured by TEM photos accords substantially with the size calculated by XRD experiment.
Salen and its derivatives are a kind of important ligands, which are prepared by the condensation of aldehydes or ketones with amines or hydrazines. It is signality to study Salen and their complexes due to their easy preparation, well coordinated capability to the transition metal ions, as well as the effectively pharmacology and physiology.The study on this kind of compound has been the hotspot of the coordination chemistry field for many years.In order to investigate the mechanism, construction and stability of the physiology and pharmacology, it is very important to study the coordination between the Salen and the metal ions. To study the designation, preparation, magnetism and biological activity of the complexes bearing more than one paramagnetic center is not only useful to illustrate the electron transfer in the life and the active part of the metal loenzyme, but also to illustrate the relationships between the magnetism and the structures, furthermore, to bring out the theories in the designation Neodymium Magnets of novel magnetic materials.Bis(salicyladimine) derivatives are good tetradentate N2O2-donating ligands with largeπ-conjugating system.
The N-donating ligands have been applied diffusely in synthesis of transition metal complexes for their better coordination capability, so we studied their special properties such as characterizations in light, electricity, magnetism, catalysis and biochemistry. The applied foreground of these compomds will be extensive in the field of catalysis, bioactivity and material etc. So, preparing new Salen complexes and studying their properties and applications are of great importance to the development of coordination chemistry.In this paper, there kinds of novel Salen ligands and its derivatives which are 4,4’-dichloro-2,2’-[ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol(H2L1), 4,4’-dichloro-2,2’-[(1,3-propylene)dioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol(H2L2), 4,4’-dichloro-2,2’-[(1 ,4-butylene)dioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol(H2L3), have been synthesized make use of three kinds of novel diamine (1,2-bis(aminooxy)ethane, 1,3-bis(aminooxy)propane and 1,4-bis(aminoxy)-butane). The complexes have been synthesized by the reaction of the ligands with transition metal acetate in this article. The ligands and their complexes were characterized by elementary analysis, IR spectra, 1H-NMR, TG-DTA analysis, molar conductance Neodymium Magnets analysis and X-ray single crystal diffraction et.al. Structures of the compounds have been determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction.There single crystals of the ligands and their complexes have been obtained by nature evaporation or gaseous diffusion method, which are H2L1 ligand, H2L2 ligand, H2L3 ligand, Cu(Ⅱ) acetate monohydrate complex with H2L1, Co(Ⅱ) acetate tetrahydrate complex with H2L1, Co(Ⅱ) acetate tetrahydrate complex with H2L2 (matched by methanol and ethanol respectively) and Ni(Ⅱ) tetrahydrate complex with H2L2 and their space structures which are maked certain by X-ray single crystal diffractionRare earth nanometer oxide is one of important rare earth compound, which is a new technology material, can be used to irradiance material, http://www.999magnet.com/ ultraviolet absorb material, the rag wheel of glass, catalyst, electron chinaware etc. Moreover, the rare earth nanometer oxide put up more ascendant capability. They can incarnate a great deal of novel character and application when they are made to be nanometer oxide.Solid-state reaction and nitrate-glycine solution combustion method were introduced in this paper, and preparation technics of a series of rare earth oxide nanometer powder were discussed systemicly.
The average particle size and the shape of sample were characterized by TG-DTA , TEM and XRD. Compared with each other on the base of technics and economy aspects, we can put forward a feasible technics parameter in magnify middle experimentation.Nanometer CeO2 , La2O3, Nd2O3 powders were prepared by solid-state reaction: In appropriate technologic conditions, RE formate as a precursor, Nano-rare earth oxides have been prepared by the thermal decomposition. The process parameters is: n (ceria) :n(HCOOH)=1:3.5; with cerium carbonate dispersant A mass ratio (200 :1); drying temperature is 90℃; drying time is 2 hours. The system can be smaller than 15 nm in diameter CeO2 nanocrystalline after powder roasted at 525℃for about 30min; Thermal analysis shows that: Ce(COOH)3 into CeO2 one-step in the process is completed, in Ce(COOH)3 to the complete transformation of CeO2 in the vicinity of 280℃.Nanometer Sm2O3, Eu2O3 and Y2O3 powders were prepared by nitrate-glycine solution combustion method: a certain amount of nitrate RE and glycine (at 1:1 molar ratio) be mixed in crucible, A reaction mixture can be gained by adding a certain amount of Neodymium Magnets water. Put the solution into the muffle whose temperature is 100℃which was warm-up advance, and then keeps for 10 min. Heat up sequentially till the temperature of temperature the muffle reaches 520℃. That is a product of goal at half an hour to respond fully. The crystal shape of the sample is half-baked under 250℃; when the temperature above 350℃, nano spathic power can be gained; the preferable nano spathic power can gained at 520℃.Analysis of TEM illustrates that: the cerium dioxide nano-powder has a uniform measurement and regular spherical shape prepared with process above. Crystal grain size measured by TEM photos accords substantially with the size calculated by XRD experiment.
Effect of Rare Earth on Ni-based Alloy Coatings Made by High Temperature
Effect of Rare Earth on Ni-based Alloy Coatings Made by High Temperature
The HTWY180-MK laser soldering machine was used to get metal-ceramic coatings with different contends of rare-earth on 45 steel.The effects of rare-earth on microstructure and properties of the coatings were investigated.The two-steps method of composite electrodeposition and electric discharge was used to get Ni/Al2O3 coatings.The effects of rare-earth on microstructure of coatings were investigated.The result shows that the microstructure and properties of clad coatings with Y2O3 /CeO2 are better than these of the coatings without Re-oxide, and the crackle, holes, Special shape NdFeB magnets 才inclusions in the coatings with Re-oxide are reduced and TiC particles become round and smooth. A stable region where the microhardness is as high as about HV700 exists in the laser layers added rare-earth oxide. The distribution of microhardness in the composite coatings added 0.5% rare-earth oxide is better than that of the others. XRD and EDS result indicates that laser cladding coatings are made up of kamacite solid solution and TiC. New phase doesn’t appear after rare-earth is added.The Special shape NdFeB magnets result of the two-steps method experiments shows that the distribution of heat power is non-uniformly, and the interface of composite coatings was not metallurgical bonding. The distribution of heat power added 5g/L La2O3 into the working fluid is better than that of the others.
The HTWY180-MK laser soldering machine was used to get metal-ceramic coatings with different contends of rare-earth on 45 steel.The effects of rare-earth on microstructure and properties of the coatings were investigated.The two-steps method of composite electrodeposition and electric discharge was used to get Ni/Al2O3 coatings.The effects of rare-earth on microstructure of coatings were investigated.The result shows that the microstructure and properties of clad coatings with Y2O3 /CeO2 are better than these of the coatings without Re-oxide, and the crackle, holes, Special shape NdFeB magnets 才inclusions in the coatings with Re-oxide are reduced and TiC particles become round and smooth. A stable region where the microhardness is as high as about HV700 exists in the laser layers added rare-earth oxide. The distribution of microhardness in the composite coatings added 0.5% rare-earth oxide is better than that of the others. XRD and EDS result indicates that laser cladding coatings are made up of kamacite solid solution and TiC. New phase doesn’t appear after rare-earth is added.The Special shape NdFeB magnets result of the two-steps method experiments shows that the distribution of heat power is non-uniformly, and the interface of composite coatings was not metallurgical bonding. The distribution of heat power added 5g/L La2O3 into the working fluid is better than that of the others.
Effect of Rare Earth and Hot Extrusion on Microstructure and Properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg Alloy
Effect of Rare Earth and Hot Extrusion on Microstructure and Properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg Alloy
Eutectic-near Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy is good at casting and has high strength and other characteristics, so it is extensive used in industy. The effect of rare earth has been studied in this paper. The effect of rare earth elements on the strength nature has been studied. The relationship between hot extrusion and mechanical properties of alloy has been investigated by observing the breaking mechanics of the second-phase.The effect of rare earth Ce and RE addition to Al-Si-Cu-Mg on the mechanical properties of alloys shows different ways. The effect of mixed rare earth RE to mechanical properties is much more apparent than that of single Ce. With the increase of Ce、Block Neodymium magnets RE in Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy , the existent form of Ce、RE has changed. Rare earth elements may form intermetallic compounds with various elements in the alloy, and when the content of rare earth excesses , there will be some big blocks which are rich of Ce and RE.Both addition of rare earth Ce and RE into the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy aging at 175℃let to a double aging peaks.
The addition of Ce and RE improves the hardness and slows the velocity of hardness-aging of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy and postpones the occure of hardness peaks of aging treatment and soften of over- aging.By analyzing the SEM photo of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys , it is founded that the eutectic-Si can be divided into 3 stages: during the early stage of solution treatment, the dissolution of Si-phase improves the tensile strength of alloy; during the intermediate stage graduation the tensile strength of alloy has become the peak value; during the coarsening process Si-phase tensile of the alloy decline. Both the heat treatment processing and the aging process improve the strength of the alloy.The strain during the process of hot extrusion has also been investigated. The result of the simulation shows that: the strain has mainly happened in the formed and slowly flowing areas; the top areas of sizing slows lower normal strain; there is no strain in the unformed areas. The result of the experiment shows that strain and Block Neodymium magnets extrusion ratio are in direct proportion; the larger the extrusion ratio, the higher the breaking stress; the second-phase in the unformed areas has not broken fundamentally; the second-phase in the formed areas has one time broken fundamentally and became stick shellac http://www.999magnet.com/ and small quantity granular; the effectiveness of breaking of second phase is the best and the long acicular and lath shaped phase can break a lot of time and the cube-formed edge angle has been passivatted in this area, the sizing area is the last formed area and has little breaking.Hot extrusion makes the mechanical properties of alloy wide-range improved and the ultimate tensile tension reach 308.6MPa, 30% higher than that in the condition of metal-casting; elongation percentage reaches 30.6%, higher 950% than that of metal-casting; after T6 heating processing , the tensile strength reaches 400 MPa and elongation percentage also reaches 18.8%o With the increase of extruding ratio, tensile strength and elongation percentage has also been improved.
Eutectic-near Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy is good at casting and has high strength and other characteristics, so it is extensive used in industy. The effect of rare earth has been studied in this paper. The effect of rare earth elements on the strength nature has been studied. The relationship between hot extrusion and mechanical properties of alloy has been investigated by observing the breaking mechanics of the second-phase.The effect of rare earth Ce and RE addition to Al-Si-Cu-Mg on the mechanical properties of alloys shows different ways. The effect of mixed rare earth RE to mechanical properties is much more apparent than that of single Ce. With the increase of Ce、Block Neodymium magnets RE in Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy , the existent form of Ce、RE has changed. Rare earth elements may form intermetallic compounds with various elements in the alloy, and when the content of rare earth excesses , there will be some big blocks which are rich of Ce and RE.Both addition of rare earth Ce and RE into the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy aging at 175℃let to a double aging peaks.
The addition of Ce and RE improves the hardness and slows the velocity of hardness-aging of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy and postpones the occure of hardness peaks of aging treatment and soften of over- aging.By analyzing the SEM photo of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys , it is founded that the eutectic-Si can be divided into 3 stages: during the early stage of solution treatment, the dissolution of Si-phase improves the tensile strength of alloy; during the intermediate stage graduation the tensile strength of alloy has become the peak value; during the coarsening process Si-phase tensile of the alloy decline. Both the heat treatment processing and the aging process improve the strength of the alloy.The strain during the process of hot extrusion has also been investigated. The result of the simulation shows that: the strain has mainly happened in the formed and slowly flowing areas; the top areas of sizing slows lower normal strain; there is no strain in the unformed areas. The result of the experiment shows that strain and Block Neodymium magnets extrusion ratio are in direct proportion; the larger the extrusion ratio, the higher the breaking stress; the second-phase in the unformed areas has not broken fundamentally; the second-phase in the formed areas has one time broken fundamentally and became stick shellac http://www.999magnet.com/ and small quantity granular; the effectiveness of breaking of second phase is the best and the long acicular and lath shaped phase can break a lot of time and the cube-formed edge angle has been passivatted in this area, the sizing area is the last formed area and has little breaking.Hot extrusion makes the mechanical properties of alloy wide-range improved and the ultimate tensile tension reach 308.6MPa, 30% higher than that in the condition of metal-casting; elongation percentage reaches 30.6%, higher 950% than that of metal-casting; after T6 heating processing , the tensile strength reaches 400 MPa and elongation percentage also reaches 18.8%o With the increase of extruding ratio, tensile strength and elongation percentage has also been improved.
Preparation of Rare Earth Doped LAS Miccropowders by Polyacrylamide Gel Method and Crystallization Behavior
Preparation of Rare Earth Doped LAS Miccropowders by Polyacrylamide Gel Method and Crystallization Behavior
Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2(LAS) glass-ceramics as one of the most important system glass-ceramics has some excellent properties such as low thermal expansion coefficient, tolerance for high temperature and heat impact etc. Those excellent properties attract many scientists’attentions recently. At present, the production cost and energy consumption are too high for LAS glass ceramic and enhancing its performance is too difficult. The preparation of homogeneous fine LAS micropowders has been considered to solve the issue. Therefore, it is essential to study the process of LAS multicomponent glass-ceramic crystallization and the effect of rare-earth on crystallization process.In this paper, Acrylamide, N,N`-methylene-bisacrylamide, nitrates of aluminum, lithium carbonate, and tetraethoxy Block Neodymium magnets silane are used as material. Lithium aluminosilicate (LAS) multicomponent glass-ceramic powders were prepared by using polyacrylamide gel method and calcining at high temperature.
The composition of samples, which were doped with three kinds of rare earth oxide and prepared under different temperature and different mass, was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Crystallization mechanism was discussed.The results indicate that the distribution of ions is homogeneous in solutions easily gelled by in situ formation of polyacrylamide gels. The unique http://www.999magnet.com/ crystallization mechanism of the polyacrylamide gel method comparing with other routes is derived from the simultaneous development of [SiO4] and [AlO4] tetrahedrons.The main crystal phase and crystallization sequence of LAS micropowders have no change with additions of Eu2O3、Gd2O3 or Er2O3. But the crystal amount ofβ-spodumene increased, which indicated the crystallization temperature decrease. LAS multicomponent Block Neodymium magnets glass-ceramic powders increased with the heat treatment temperature going up. Hexagonal structureβ-quartz solid silution was detected at 700℃. Someβ-spodumene characteristic peaks appeared at 800℃, and the main crystal phase was converted to tetragonal at 900℃.The result of FT-IR indicated that rare earth oxide, at the range from 0 to 2.0mol%, did not enter into the structure net of LAS powder, but acted as network modifier. It made the bond length and bond angle of Si-O-Al change, and had the influence on crystallization process.The influence of Gd2O3 retraining phase ofβ-quartz solid solution and promoting phase ofβ-spodumene was most, when LAS powder prepared by polyacrylamide gels doped with Eu2O3、Gd2O3、Er2O3.
Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2(LAS) glass-ceramics as one of the most important system glass-ceramics has some excellent properties such as low thermal expansion coefficient, tolerance for high temperature and heat impact etc. Those excellent properties attract many scientists’attentions recently. At present, the production cost and energy consumption are too high for LAS glass ceramic and enhancing its performance is too difficult. The preparation of homogeneous fine LAS micropowders has been considered to solve the issue. Therefore, it is essential to study the process of LAS multicomponent glass-ceramic crystallization and the effect of rare-earth on crystallization process.In this paper, Acrylamide, N,N`-methylene-bisacrylamide, nitrates of aluminum, lithium carbonate, and tetraethoxy Block Neodymium magnets silane are used as material. Lithium aluminosilicate (LAS) multicomponent glass-ceramic powders were prepared by using polyacrylamide gel method and calcining at high temperature.
The composition of samples, which were doped with three kinds of rare earth oxide and prepared under different temperature and different mass, was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Crystallization mechanism was discussed.The results indicate that the distribution of ions is homogeneous in solutions easily gelled by in situ formation of polyacrylamide gels. The unique http://www.999magnet.com/ crystallization mechanism of the polyacrylamide gel method comparing with other routes is derived from the simultaneous development of [SiO4] and [AlO4] tetrahedrons.The main crystal phase and crystallization sequence of LAS micropowders have no change with additions of Eu2O3、Gd2O3 or Er2O3. But the crystal amount ofβ-spodumene increased, which indicated the crystallization temperature decrease. LAS multicomponent Block Neodymium magnets glass-ceramic powders increased with the heat treatment temperature going up. Hexagonal structureβ-quartz solid silution was detected at 700℃. Someβ-spodumene characteristic peaks appeared at 800℃, and the main crystal phase was converted to tetragonal at 900℃.The result of FT-IR indicated that rare earth oxide, at the range from 0 to 2.0mol%, did not enter into the structure net of LAS powder, but acted as network modifier. It made the bond length and bond angle of Si-O-Al change, and had the influence on crystallization process.The influence of Gd2O3 retraining phase ofβ-quartz solid solution and promoting phase ofβ-spodumene was most, when LAS powder prepared by polyacrylamide gels doped with Eu2O3、Gd2O3、Er2O3.
Preparation of Layered Nanocomposite Materials Containing Rare Earths, Titanium Dioxide and Clay
Preparation of Layered Nanocomposite Materials Containing Rare Earths, Titanium Dioxide and Clay
Recently, pillared interlayered clay being studied is a new nanocomposite material holding the layered structure of clay and achieving some new characteristics. In this paper, nanocomposite materials containing rare earths, titanium dioxide and clay were prepared by ion exchange technique using ethanol absolute as dispersant of clay, titanium tetrachloride as precursor to prepare sol of titanium dioxide, and cerium nitrate as precursor to prepare solution of rare earth ions.The preparation mechanism of composite materials was studied. Titanium ions were firstly exchanged by layered ions and introduced into the interlayers of clay, and rare earth ions began ion exchange when the interspace Magnetic lifter was big enough for them to enter into. The optimum preparation conditions of nanocomposite materials were found by studying the influence of titanium element content, rare earth elements content, concentration of glycerin aqueous solution, glycerin aqueous solution addition and concentration of suspension containing clay and ethanol absolute on pillared results.
The nanocomposite materials with large interplanar distances were prepared as follows: the ratio of titanium elements to clay was 20.0~30.0 millmole titanium elements per 1.0g clay, the molar ratio of titanium elements to cerium elements was 0.1, the concentration of glycerin aqueous solution wasn’t less than 33.0%, the ratio of titanium elements to glycerin aqueous solution was 2.0 millmole titanium elements per l.Og glycerin aqueous solution, the suspension concentration http://www.999magnet.com/ of clay wasn’t higher than 5.0%. The mechanism of rare earth elements in the process of preparation of nanocomposite materials was studied. The results showed that rare earth ions in suspension not only had no block for titanium ions to transfer but also promoted their movement when doping appropriate rare earth elements, resulting in promotion of ion exchange and larger interplanar distances;big rare earth ions obstructed the access to the interlayers of clay when doping excessive rare earth elements, resulting in blocking the transfer of titanium ions and smaller interplanar distances.Photocatalytic properties of Magnetic lifter nanocomposite materials containing various rare earth elementsand titanium dioxide were studied. The results showed that nanocomposite materials prepared by doping appropriate rare earth elements had better photocatalytic properties than that prepared by doping excessive rare earth elements. The photocatalytic mechanism of composite materials was studied by integrating the theory of photocatalysis with experiment results. Because the site of photocatalytic reaction was limited in the interspace of clay, photocatalytic reaction occurred by two steps: firstly, organic molecules dispersed into the interlayers of clay;secondly, organic molecules and photocatalyst of RE/TiO2 occurred photocatalytic reaction, resulting in forming carbon dioxide.
Recently, pillared interlayered clay being studied is a new nanocomposite material holding the layered structure of clay and achieving some new characteristics. In this paper, nanocomposite materials containing rare earths, titanium dioxide and clay were prepared by ion exchange technique using ethanol absolute as dispersant of clay, titanium tetrachloride as precursor to prepare sol of titanium dioxide, and cerium nitrate as precursor to prepare solution of rare earth ions.The preparation mechanism of composite materials was studied. Titanium ions were firstly exchanged by layered ions and introduced into the interlayers of clay, and rare earth ions began ion exchange when the interspace Magnetic lifter was big enough for them to enter into. The optimum preparation conditions of nanocomposite materials were found by studying the influence of titanium element content, rare earth elements content, concentration of glycerin aqueous solution, glycerin aqueous solution addition and concentration of suspension containing clay and ethanol absolute on pillared results.
The nanocomposite materials with large interplanar distances were prepared as follows: the ratio of titanium elements to clay was 20.0~30.0 millmole titanium elements per 1.0g clay, the molar ratio of titanium elements to cerium elements was 0.1, the concentration of glycerin aqueous solution wasn’t less than 33.0%, the ratio of titanium elements to glycerin aqueous solution was 2.0 millmole titanium elements per l.Og glycerin aqueous solution, the suspension concentration http://www.999magnet.com/ of clay wasn’t higher than 5.0%. The mechanism of rare earth elements in the process of preparation of nanocomposite materials was studied. The results showed that rare earth ions in suspension not only had no block for titanium ions to transfer but also promoted their movement when doping appropriate rare earth elements, resulting in promotion of ion exchange and larger interplanar distances;big rare earth ions obstructed the access to the interlayers of clay when doping excessive rare earth elements, resulting in blocking the transfer of titanium ions and smaller interplanar distances.Photocatalytic properties of Magnetic lifter nanocomposite materials containing various rare earth elementsand titanium dioxide were studied. The results showed that nanocomposite materials prepared by doping appropriate rare earth elements had better photocatalytic properties than that prepared by doping excessive rare earth elements. The photocatalytic mechanism of composite materials was studied by integrating the theory of photocatalysis with experiment results. Because the site of photocatalytic reaction was limited in the interspace of clay, photocatalytic reaction occurred by two steps: firstly, organic molecules dispersed into the interlayers of clay;secondly, organic molecules and photocatalyst of RE/TiO2 occurred photocatalytic reaction, resulting in forming carbon dioxide.
Study on Effect of Rare Earth-Chitosan Chelation on GH/IGF-I Axis and Mechanism of Layers
Study on Effect of Rare Earth-Chitosan Chelation on GH/IGF-I Axis and Mechanism of Layers
The present study was carried out to reveal the molecular mechanis of rare earth-chitosan chelation. Four-hundred and fifty healthy laying hens of 28-week-age were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 replicates of each, per replication was 9 layers. The control group was fed with the the corn-soybean meal basal diet, the trial groups (Group I, II, III and IV) with basal diet plus 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20% rare earth-chitosan chelation, respectively. The results were shown as follows:1 Effect of the rare earth-chitosan chelation on the concentrations of related hormones in layersIn the contrast with the control group, the concentration of GH of the treatment I, II, III and Alnico magnets IV was increased by 37.5%(P<0.01), 25.58% (P<0.01), 37.5% (P<0.01) and 43.75% (P<0.01) respectively;
The concentration of IGF-1 of the treatment I, II, III and IV was increased by 34.19%(P<0.01), 43.2% (P<0.01), 38.73% (P<0.01) and 43.37% (P<0.01) respectively. The significantly increase of GH and IGF-I levels may be http://www.999magnet.com/ involved in the mechanisms of rare earth-chitosan chelation action on improving production performance of layers.2 Effect of the rare earth-chitosan chelation on the relative abundance of related gene mRNAThe level of IGF-I mRNA of the treatment I, II, III and IV was significantly higher than the control group in the liver of layers, respectively, but had no effect on the level of IGF-IR mRNA in the ovary and magnum of layers. These changes in mRNA Alnico magnets expression of IGF-I imply a gene-mediated mechanism of the rare earth-chitosan chelation action on reproductive performance in the layers, and the IGF-IR can regulate the ovary and magnum, but the mechanism needs to be studied more.
The present study was carried out to reveal the molecular mechanis of rare earth-chitosan chelation. Four-hundred and fifty healthy laying hens of 28-week-age were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 replicates of each, per replication was 9 layers. The control group was fed with the the corn-soybean meal basal diet, the trial groups (Group I, II, III and IV) with basal diet plus 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20% rare earth-chitosan chelation, respectively. The results were shown as follows:1 Effect of the rare earth-chitosan chelation on the concentrations of related hormones in layersIn the contrast with the control group, the concentration of GH of the treatment I, II, III and Alnico magnets IV was increased by 37.5%(P<0.01), 25.58% (P<0.01), 37.5% (P<0.01) and 43.75% (P<0.01) respectively;
The concentration of IGF-1 of the treatment I, II, III and IV was increased by 34.19%(P<0.01), 43.2% (P<0.01), 38.73% (P<0.01) and 43.37% (P<0.01) respectively. The significantly increase of GH and IGF-I levels may be http://www.999magnet.com/ involved in the mechanisms of rare earth-chitosan chelation action on improving production performance of layers.2 Effect of the rare earth-chitosan chelation on the relative abundance of related gene mRNAThe level of IGF-I mRNA of the treatment I, II, III and IV was significantly higher than the control group in the liver of layers, respectively, but had no effect on the level of IGF-IR mRNA in the ovary and magnum of layers. These changes in mRNA Alnico magnets expression of IGF-I imply a gene-mediated mechanism of the rare earth-chitosan chelation action on reproductive performance in the layers, and the IGF-IR can regulate the ovary and magnum, but the mechanism needs to be studied more.
2012年4月16日星期一
Synthesis and Characterization of Complexes of Rare Earth Perchlorate with Styryl p-Tolyl Sulfoxide and Studies on Fluorescence of Complexes
Synthesis and Characterization of Complexes of Rare Earth Perchlorate with Styryl p-Tolyl Sulfoxide and Studies on Fluorescence of Complexes
Twelve solid complexes of rare earth perchlorate with styryl p-tolyl sulfoxide (L) andfive-different proportional mixed complexes (Eu3+ mixed by Tm3+) of rare earth perchlorate withthe ligand (L) have been synthesized and characterized. By elemental analysis, coordinationtitration and TGA-DSC studies, the composition of the complexes were suggested as RE(ClO4)3·L7(RE=Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Tin, Yb; L=CH3C6H4SOCH=CHC6H5)and (Block neodymium magnet EuxTmy) (ClO4)3·L7 (x:y=0.999: 0.001, 0.995: 0.005, 0.990: 0.010, 0.950: 0.050, 0.900:0.100) respectively. IR spectra and 1HNMR spectra studies indicated that styryl p-tolyl sulfoxide(L) bonded with RE3+ ions by the oxygen atom in sulfmyl group while vinyl did not. The molarconductivities in acetone solution indicated that one of the three inorganic anions ClO4- iscoordinated with RE3+.
The change of melting points of complexes with the atomic number is thethe "Z" mode from La to Eu, but the melting points of complexes increase along with increasedatomic number from Gd to Yb. The thermal stability of the complexes is very good and theirdecomposition points are above 200℃. Phosphorescent spectrum of ligand showed that matchingextent of triplet state of ligand with excited state of the rare earth ions was not good. The energy,which was absorbed by ligands, could not be transferred to rare earth ions effectively. But the fluorescence of europium ion and samarium ion was enhanced, owing to the influence of ligands.The medial triplet state of ligand is little higher than 5D4 excited state of terbium ion and it is lowerthan 4F9/2 excited state of dysprosium ion. Block neodymium magnet So the ligand can not transfer energy to terbium ion anddysprosium ion. However, terbium ion and dysprosium ion can transfer energy to the ligand. Thus,the fluorescence of complexes of terbium and dysprosium comes from ligands. Fluorescencespectra of the europium complexes exhibit Eu3+ characteristic red emission, when excitation lightwas fixed at 393 nm. The fluorescent intensity of electric dipolar 5D0→7F2 transition is strongerthan that of the magnetic dipolar 5D0→7F1 transition. This phenomenon suggests the europium ion islocated at an asymmetry environment and the complex has not a center of symmetry. Comparing thefluorescent spectrum of the simple europium http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ complex with those of mixed coordination compounds,one can fred that the thulium ions have a sensitization effect to the fluorescence of the europium ions.And sensitization effect is the strongest when the ratio of thulium ions and europium ions is0.001:0.999.
Twelve solid complexes of rare earth perchlorate with styryl p-tolyl sulfoxide (L) andfive-different proportional mixed complexes (Eu3+ mixed by Tm3+) of rare earth perchlorate withthe ligand (L) have been synthesized and characterized. By elemental analysis, coordinationtitration and TGA-DSC studies, the composition of the complexes were suggested as RE(ClO4)3·L7(RE=Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Tin, Yb; L=CH3C6H4SOCH=CHC6H5)and (Block neodymium magnet EuxTmy) (ClO4)3·L7 (x:y=0.999: 0.001, 0.995: 0.005, 0.990: 0.010, 0.950: 0.050, 0.900:0.100) respectively. IR spectra and 1HNMR spectra studies indicated that styryl p-tolyl sulfoxide(L) bonded with RE3+ ions by the oxygen atom in sulfmyl group while vinyl did not. The molarconductivities in acetone solution indicated that one of the three inorganic anions ClO4- iscoordinated with RE3+.
The change of melting points of complexes with the atomic number is thethe "Z" mode from La to Eu, but the melting points of complexes increase along with increasedatomic number from Gd to Yb. The thermal stability of the complexes is very good and theirdecomposition points are above 200℃. Phosphorescent spectrum of ligand showed that matchingextent of triplet state of ligand with excited state of the rare earth ions was not good. The energy,which was absorbed by ligands, could not be transferred to rare earth ions effectively. But the fluorescence of europium ion and samarium ion was enhanced, owing to the influence of ligands.The medial triplet state of ligand is little higher than 5D4 excited state of terbium ion and it is lowerthan 4F9/2 excited state of dysprosium ion. Block neodymium magnet So the ligand can not transfer energy to terbium ion anddysprosium ion. However, terbium ion and dysprosium ion can transfer energy to the ligand. Thus,the fluorescence of complexes of terbium and dysprosium comes from ligands. Fluorescencespectra of the europium complexes exhibit Eu3+ characteristic red emission, when excitation lightwas fixed at 393 nm. The fluorescent intensity of electric dipolar 5D0→7F2 transition is strongerthan that of the magnetic dipolar 5D0→7F1 transition. This phenomenon suggests the europium ion islocated at an asymmetry environment and the complex has not a center of symmetry. Comparing thefluorescent spectrum of the simple europium http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ complex with those of mixed coordination compounds,one can fred that the thulium ions have a sensitization effect to the fluorescence of the europium ions.And sensitization effect is the strongest when the ratio of thulium ions and europium ions is0.001:0.999.
Effect of Rare-earth on Microstructure and High Temperature Tensile Mechanical Properties of Mg-6Al Alloys
Effect of Rare-earth on Microstructure and High Temperature Tensile Mechanical Properties of Mg-6Al Alloys
On the basis of reading a large amount of literatures and reports, this dissertation investigated the properties of Mg-6Al alloy in order to development novel heat-resistant magnesium alloy with excellent mechanical properties, castability, high cost effective at normal and high temperature through alloying of yttrium, neodymium, gadolinium. The influence of the rare earth elements Y, Nd, Gd to the Mg-6Al alloy of the microstructure and the tensile mechanical properties at high temperature were studied systemically by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, Ball Neodymium Magnets X-ray diffraction, and precious universal electronic tensile test system.The following results are attained through adding elements yttrium in Mg-6Al alloy. Rare earth elements yttrium is capable of refining grains, and improving the morphology, changing distribution ofβ-Mg17Al12 phase, and producing Al2Y point-like phase with high melting point at grain boundary and intracrystalline, moreover, theβ-Mg17Al12 decreases with the increasing of yttrium content and till disappears as the content of yttrium is 1.2wt%. The performances of the Mg-6Al alloy at room temperature and high temperature are enhanced obviously by adding elements yttrium. And the strength of the AY alloy at room temperature and high temperature reaches highest point as the content of yttrium is 1.2wt%, and the tensile strength is 224MPa, tensile strength at high temperature 150℃, 175℃, 200℃is 221MPa, 192MPa, 162MPa, respectively.
The specific elongation increases as the temperature increases, at the same temperature, the alloy with yttrium content of 1.2wt% has the best plasticity and highest specific elongation.The following results are attained through adding elements neodymium in Mg-6Al-1.2Y alloy. Rare earth elements neodymium is capable of refining structure of Mg-6Al-1.2Y, and changing the distribution and the shape of the second phase, and producing Al2Y, Al2Nd point-like phase with high melting point at grain boundary and intracrystalline, moreover, the second phase increases with the increasing of neodymium content, and the distribution and shape are also changing along with it. When the neodymium content of the alloy is 0.3wt%, the larger second phases are distributed at grain boundary, and this kind thicker, larger second phase cannot prevent the boundary to slip, cause the stress concentration in the vicinity, so the mechanical properties of AYN6103 alloy is lower than AY612 alloy. When the neodymium content of the alloy is 0.9wt%, the second phase well distribut in the alloy, further increase will Ball Neodymium Magnets result in the segregation and growth of the second phase. The AYN alloy strength at room temperature and high temperature reaches highest point as the content of neodymium is 0.9wt%, and the tensile strength is 253MPa, tensile strength at high temperature 150℃, 175℃, 200℃is 253MPa, 223MPa, 173MPa, respectively.
Importantly, the tensile properties meet the application requirements at 175℃. The specific elongation increases as the temperature increases, at the same temperature, the AYN alloy with neodymium content of 0.9wt% has the best plasticity and highest specific elongation.The following results are attained through adding elements gadolinium in Mg-6Al-1.2Y-0.9Nd alloy. Rare earth elements gadolinium is capable of producing Al2Y, Al2Nd, Al2Gd dispersing second-phase with high melting point, moreover, the phase morphology and distribution correlated with the gadolinium content: when the gadolinium content is 1.2wt%, 2.4wt%, the Al2Gd is strip like, and appears discontinuous distribution along the grain boundary, when the gadolinium content is 3.6wt%, 4.2wt%, Al2Gd turns to sphere like, and well distributed along the grain boundary and intracrystalline. The alloy strength at room temperature and high temperature reaches highest point as the content of gadolinium is 3.6wt%, and the tensile strength is 257MPa, tensile strength at high temperature 150℃, 175℃, 200℃is 256MPa, 226MPa, 184MPa, respectively. The specific elongation increases as the temperature increases, at the same http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ temperature, the alloy with gadolinium content of 0.9wt% has the best plasticity and highest specific elongation.For alloy Mg-6Al-(x)Y, the solid solubility of Al in Mg increases with the increasing of yttrium content, however, the solid solubility of Y in Mg decreases. For Mg-6Al-1.2Y-(x)Nd, the solid solubility of Al in Mg increases with the increasing of neodymium content, howerer, the solid solubility of Nd and Y in Mg decreases. For Mg-6Al-1.2Y-0.9Nd-(x)Gd, the solid solubility of Al, Y, Nd, Gd in Mg increases with the increasing of Gd content. When the Gd content is 3.6wt%, the solid solubility of all elements in Mg reaches the highest point, and result in the best solid solution intensification effect.
On the basis of reading a large amount of literatures and reports, this dissertation investigated the properties of Mg-6Al alloy in order to development novel heat-resistant magnesium alloy with excellent mechanical properties, castability, high cost effective at normal and high temperature through alloying of yttrium, neodymium, gadolinium. The influence of the rare earth elements Y, Nd, Gd to the Mg-6Al alloy of the microstructure and the tensile mechanical properties at high temperature were studied systemically by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, Ball Neodymium Magnets X-ray diffraction, and precious universal electronic tensile test system.The following results are attained through adding elements yttrium in Mg-6Al alloy. Rare earth elements yttrium is capable of refining grains, and improving the morphology, changing distribution ofβ-Mg17Al12 phase, and producing Al2Y point-like phase with high melting point at grain boundary and intracrystalline, moreover, theβ-Mg17Al12 decreases with the increasing of yttrium content and till disappears as the content of yttrium is 1.2wt%. The performances of the Mg-6Al alloy at room temperature and high temperature are enhanced obviously by adding elements yttrium. And the strength of the AY alloy at room temperature and high temperature reaches highest point as the content of yttrium is 1.2wt%, and the tensile strength is 224MPa, tensile strength at high temperature 150℃, 175℃, 200℃is 221MPa, 192MPa, 162MPa, respectively.
The specific elongation increases as the temperature increases, at the same temperature, the alloy with yttrium content of 1.2wt% has the best plasticity and highest specific elongation.The following results are attained through adding elements neodymium in Mg-6Al-1.2Y alloy. Rare earth elements neodymium is capable of refining structure of Mg-6Al-1.2Y, and changing the distribution and the shape of the second phase, and producing Al2Y, Al2Nd point-like phase with high melting point at grain boundary and intracrystalline, moreover, the second phase increases with the increasing of neodymium content, and the distribution and shape are also changing along with it. When the neodymium content of the alloy is 0.3wt%, the larger second phases are distributed at grain boundary, and this kind thicker, larger second phase cannot prevent the boundary to slip, cause the stress concentration in the vicinity, so the mechanical properties of AYN6103 alloy is lower than AY612 alloy. When the neodymium content of the alloy is 0.9wt%, the second phase well distribut in the alloy, further increase will Ball Neodymium Magnets result in the segregation and growth of the second phase. The AYN alloy strength at room temperature and high temperature reaches highest point as the content of neodymium is 0.9wt%, and the tensile strength is 253MPa, tensile strength at high temperature 150℃, 175℃, 200℃is 253MPa, 223MPa, 173MPa, respectively.
Importantly, the tensile properties meet the application requirements at 175℃. The specific elongation increases as the temperature increases, at the same temperature, the AYN alloy with neodymium content of 0.9wt% has the best plasticity and highest specific elongation.The following results are attained through adding elements gadolinium in Mg-6Al-1.2Y-0.9Nd alloy. Rare earth elements gadolinium is capable of producing Al2Y, Al2Nd, Al2Gd dispersing second-phase with high melting point, moreover, the phase morphology and distribution correlated with the gadolinium content: when the gadolinium content is 1.2wt%, 2.4wt%, the Al2Gd is strip like, and appears discontinuous distribution along the grain boundary, when the gadolinium content is 3.6wt%, 4.2wt%, Al2Gd turns to sphere like, and well distributed along the grain boundary and intracrystalline. The alloy strength at room temperature and high temperature reaches highest point as the content of gadolinium is 3.6wt%, and the tensile strength is 257MPa, tensile strength at high temperature 150℃, 175℃, 200℃is 256MPa, 226MPa, 184MPa, respectively. The specific elongation increases as the temperature increases, at the same http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ temperature, the alloy with gadolinium content of 0.9wt% has the best plasticity and highest specific elongation.For alloy Mg-6Al-(x)Y, the solid solubility of Al in Mg increases with the increasing of yttrium content, however, the solid solubility of Y in Mg decreases. For Mg-6Al-1.2Y-(x)Nd, the solid solubility of Al in Mg increases with the increasing of neodymium content, howerer, the solid solubility of Nd and Y in Mg decreases. For Mg-6Al-1.2Y-0.9Nd-(x)Gd, the solid solubility of Al, Y, Nd, Gd in Mg increases with the increasing of Gd content. When the Gd content is 3.6wt%, the solid solubility of all elements in Mg reaches the highest point, and result in the best solid solution intensification effect.
The Study of Modified Y2O3 Reinforced Rubber Material
The Study of Modified Y2O3 Reinforced Rubber Material
In this dissertation, Rare earth oxide (REO) reinforced rubber with goodproperties was prepared by means of mill-mixing in solid state, with NR and BRused as substrate and modified REO as the reinforce agent.It had been found that the Y2O3 content and neodymium magnets coupling agents content havestrongly influence on rubber properties. Besides, the reaction mechanismbetween Y2O3 and coupling agent had been explained.Further investigation on the mechanical performances of rubber had beenmade. The results indicated that, the tensile strength property was optimal whilerubber filled with 10wt%15wt% Y2O3 which modified by 3wt% couplingagents.
The wear resistance of the rubber was improved obviously, nearly morethan twice when 10wt% modified Y2O3 was filled. Worn Surfaces was examinedby SEM. Wear mechanisms of REO reinforced rubber could be concluding as:abrasive wear along with roll wear and thermo-chemical degradation wear.Filled with 10wt% modified Y2O3 into the rubber is advantageous toimprove the stress relax properties of the rubber. And qualitative analysisindicated that, neodymium magnets creep properties improved as well as stress relax rate decreasing.The parallel connection Maxwell model was used to give reasonable explainsfor this problem.Y2O3 accelerated crystallization capacity and confined the rubber chainmovement, so the anti-corrosion property in oil and machine oil was improved.While in different liquate the Y2O3 showed different.
In this dissertation, Rare earth oxide (REO) reinforced rubber with goodproperties was prepared by means of mill-mixing in solid state, with NR and BRused as substrate and modified REO as the reinforce agent.It had been found that the Y2O3 content and neodymium magnets coupling agents content havestrongly influence on rubber properties. Besides, the reaction mechanismbetween Y2O3 and coupling agent had been explained.Further investigation on the mechanical performances of rubber had beenmade. The results indicated that, the tensile strength property was optimal whilerubber filled with 10wt%15wt% Y2O3 which modified by 3wt% couplingagents.
The wear resistance of the rubber was improved obviously, nearly morethan twice when 10wt% modified Y2O3 was filled. Worn Surfaces was examinedby SEM. Wear mechanisms of REO reinforced rubber could be concluding as:abrasive wear along with roll wear and thermo-chemical degradation wear.Filled with 10wt% modified Y2O3 into the rubber is advantageous toimprove the stress relax properties of the rubber. And qualitative analysisindicated that, neodymium magnets creep properties improved as well as stress relax rate decreasing.The parallel connection Maxwell model was used to give reasonable explainsfor this problem.Y2O3 accelerated crystallization capacity and confined the rubber chainmovement, so the anti-corrosion property in oil and machine oil was improved.While in different liquate the Y2O3 showed different.
2012年4月12日星期四
北祁连乌鞘岭蛇绿岩地球化学特征及其构造意义
题名:北祁连乌鞘岭蛇绿岩地球化学特征及其构造意义
作者:汪双双
学位授予单位:兰州大学
关键词:蛇绿岩;;镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩;;俯冲作用;;弧后盆地;;扩张脊
摘要:
蛇绿岩是具有特定成分的镁铁-超镁铁组合,并非一个岩石名称。一个发育完整的蛇绿岩自下而上出现岩石序列:超镁铁质杂岩-辉长Ball Neodymium Magnets质杂岩-镁铁质席状岩墙杂岩-镁铁质火山杂岩。乌鞘岭蛇绿岩包括变质超镁铁杂岩(蛇纹岩),堆晶超镁铁-镁铁岩(橄辉岩,辉石岩,辉长岩),镁铁质火山杂岩(玄武岩),属于典型蛇绿岩岩石组合。上覆中基性火山-沉积岩系,为其伴生岩石。
通过对乌鞘岭镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩进行详细的矿物学,岩石学,地球化学特征研究,并结合北祁连区域构造背景,得出以下结论:
1、乌鞘岭镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩为SSZ型蛇绿岩。主量元素、微量元素及REE的地球化学特征显示乌鞘岭玄武岩源自亏损地幔的部分熔融,兼有IAB和N-MORB地球化学特征。结合岩石组合特征和区域地质特征http://www.chinamagnets.biz/,乌鞘岭镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩应为蛇绿岩组分,形成于弧后盆地环境。
2、乌鞘岭镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩中的玄武岩与辉长岩是同源的。乌鞘岭玄武岩与辉长岩呈明显的结晶分异趋势,玄武岩是原始岩浆分异出辉长岩后的产物;辉长岩和玄武岩稀土元素配分型式类似于蛇绿岩套中层状辉长岩和玄武岩的稀Ball Neodymium Magnets土配分模式。结果表明,玄武岩是演化岩浆结晶的产物,辉长岩代表结晶相堆积物,两者同源。
3、乌鞘岭蛇绿岩是九个泉-老虎山蛇绿岩带的组成部分。在大地构造位置上,乌鞘岭蛇绿岩应与老虎山蛇绿岩同属一条带,形成于弧后盆地环境,扩张脊靠近岛弧。该蛇绿岩带代表着奥陶纪北祁连洋俯冲所形成的弧后洋盆环境,是弧后盆地岩石圈闭合之后残留在大陆边缘上的碎块。
学位年度:2009
作者:汪双双
学位授予单位:兰州大学
关键词:蛇绿岩;;镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩;;俯冲作用;;弧后盆地;;扩张脊
摘要:
蛇绿岩是具有特定成分的镁铁-超镁铁组合,并非一个岩石名称。一个发育完整的蛇绿岩自下而上出现岩石序列:超镁铁质杂岩-辉长Ball Neodymium Magnets质杂岩-镁铁质席状岩墙杂岩-镁铁质火山杂岩。乌鞘岭蛇绿岩包括变质超镁铁杂岩(蛇纹岩),堆晶超镁铁-镁铁岩(橄辉岩,辉石岩,辉长岩),镁铁质火山杂岩(玄武岩),属于典型蛇绿岩岩石组合。上覆中基性火山-沉积岩系,为其伴生岩石。
通过对乌鞘岭镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩进行详细的矿物学,岩石学,地球化学特征研究,并结合北祁连区域构造背景,得出以下结论:
1、乌鞘岭镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩为SSZ型蛇绿岩。主量元素、微量元素及REE的地球化学特征显示乌鞘岭玄武岩源自亏损地幔的部分熔融,兼有IAB和N-MORB地球化学特征。结合岩石组合特征和区域地质特征http://www.chinamagnets.biz/,乌鞘岭镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩应为蛇绿岩组分,形成于弧后盆地环境。
2、乌鞘岭镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩中的玄武岩与辉长岩是同源的。乌鞘岭玄武岩与辉长岩呈明显的结晶分异趋势,玄武岩是原始岩浆分异出辉长岩后的产物;辉长岩和玄武岩稀土元素配分型式类似于蛇绿岩套中层状辉长岩和玄武岩的稀Ball Neodymium Magnets土配分模式。结果表明,玄武岩是演化岩浆结晶的产物,辉长岩代表结晶相堆积物,两者同源。
3、乌鞘岭蛇绿岩是九个泉-老虎山蛇绿岩带的组成部分。在大地构造位置上,乌鞘岭蛇绿岩应与老虎山蛇绿岩同属一条带,形成于弧后盆地环境,扩张脊靠近岛弧。该蛇绿岩带代表着奥陶纪北祁连洋俯冲所形成的弧后洋盆环境,是弧后盆地岩石圈闭合之后残留在大陆边缘上的碎块。
学位年度:2009
2012年4月9日星期一
Study on Separation Experiment of Rare Earth Metal in Waste Rare Earth Fluorescent Lamps
Study on Separation Experiment of Rare Earth Metal in Waste Rare Earth Fluorescent Lamps
With the widespread use of rare earth fluorescent lamps,a large number of used rare earth fluorescent lamps are discarded by consumers in the form of solid waste. After rare earth metals and mercury,and other harmful substances in the waste rare earth fluorescent lamps go into the environment,they can pollute the environment, and enter the human body through the food chain,then can be carcinogenic, teratogenic,mutagenic,and seriously endanger human health.The study of "rare earth fluorescent lamps used in the rare earth separation experimental study" are Ball Neodymium Magnets carried out according to the features such as rare earth phosphors in the form of metal oxide and liquid extraction,using acid leaching the rare earth phosphor,and using wet liquid extraction,rare earth metals in leaching solution will be extracted.The research work will be aimed at studying the new technology which can recovery of rare earth metal from the waste rare earth phosphors instead of handling rare earth phosphors by landfill,in order to reduce waste(or waste fluorescent lamps)harmful to the environment,at the same time, recovery rare earth resources in the rare earth phosphors.
The completed work are as follows:(1) study on the impact of leaching rate of waste phosphor on types of acid,the concentration of acid,dissolved temperature,dissolved speed.(2) study on the impact of leaching rate of recovery phosphor on types of acid, the concentration of acid,dissolved temperature,dissolved speed.(3) study on the impact http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ of different acidity conditions on extraction rate of non-rare earth and rare earth elements in the acid leaching solution.(4) study on the impact of different concentrations of P507 on extraction rate of non-rare earth and rare earth elements in the acid leaching solution.The experimental results show that the waste phosphor and recovery phosphor can be dissolved by acid.The leaching rates of waste phosphor and recovery phosphor by sulfuric acid,hydrochloric acid,nitric acid are followed by sulfuric acid>nitrate acid>hydrochloric acid.
Thus sulfuric acid is a good leaching agent;And with the increasing concentration of acid and leaching reaction speed,the leaching rate of rare earth metals is also significantly improved.Under the reaction conditions of 45℃and in the speed of 300r,waste Phosphor are leached by 2 mol/L solution of sulfuric acid about eight hours,then leaching rate of Y is 67.9%,leaching rate of Eu is 73.1%.Under the reaction conditions of 37℃and in the speed of 300 r,recovery Ball Neodymium Magnets Phosphor are leached by 2 mol/L solution of sulfuric acid about eight hours,then leaching rate of Y is 75.3%, leaching rate of Eu is 71.5%.Extraction rate of P507 have a significant separation effect to the rare earth elements in the leaching solution.Under the extraction conditions of 15℃, ammonification rate of 30%,rare earth in leaching solution is extracted by 2.0 mol/L P507,then it is oscillated 30 min by speed oscillator,and static stratified two-phase separation after 15 min.The results showed that when pH of the leaching solution is 5, the extraction rate of Y is 92.4%,the extraction rate of Eu is 84.5%,the extraction rate of Al is only 20.4%.So,it can be achieved rare earth separation Y and Eu from phosphor by adjusting the pH value.
With the widespread use of rare earth fluorescent lamps,a large number of used rare earth fluorescent lamps are discarded by consumers in the form of solid waste. After rare earth metals and mercury,and other harmful substances in the waste rare earth fluorescent lamps go into the environment,they can pollute the environment, and enter the human body through the food chain,then can be carcinogenic, teratogenic,mutagenic,and seriously endanger human health.The study of "rare earth fluorescent lamps used in the rare earth separation experimental study" are Ball Neodymium Magnets carried out according to the features such as rare earth phosphors in the form of metal oxide and liquid extraction,using acid leaching the rare earth phosphor,and using wet liquid extraction,rare earth metals in leaching solution will be extracted.The research work will be aimed at studying the new technology which can recovery of rare earth metal from the waste rare earth phosphors instead of handling rare earth phosphors by landfill,in order to reduce waste(or waste fluorescent lamps)harmful to the environment,at the same time, recovery rare earth resources in the rare earth phosphors.
The completed work are as follows:(1) study on the impact of leaching rate of waste phosphor on types of acid,the concentration of acid,dissolved temperature,dissolved speed.(2) study on the impact of leaching rate of recovery phosphor on types of acid, the concentration of acid,dissolved temperature,dissolved speed.(3) study on the impact http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ of different acidity conditions on extraction rate of non-rare earth and rare earth elements in the acid leaching solution.(4) study on the impact of different concentrations of P507 on extraction rate of non-rare earth and rare earth elements in the acid leaching solution.The experimental results show that the waste phosphor and recovery phosphor can be dissolved by acid.The leaching rates of waste phosphor and recovery phosphor by sulfuric acid,hydrochloric acid,nitric acid are followed by sulfuric acid>nitrate acid>hydrochloric acid.
Thus sulfuric acid is a good leaching agent;And with the increasing concentration of acid and leaching reaction speed,the leaching rate of rare earth metals is also significantly improved.Under the reaction conditions of 45℃and in the speed of 300r,waste Phosphor are leached by 2 mol/L solution of sulfuric acid about eight hours,then leaching rate of Y is 67.9%,leaching rate of Eu is 73.1%.Under the reaction conditions of 37℃and in the speed of 300 r,recovery Ball Neodymium Magnets Phosphor are leached by 2 mol/L solution of sulfuric acid about eight hours,then leaching rate of Y is 75.3%, leaching rate of Eu is 71.5%.Extraction rate of P507 have a significant separation effect to the rare earth elements in the leaching solution.Under the extraction conditions of 15℃, ammonification rate of 30%,rare earth in leaching solution is extracted by 2.0 mol/L P507,then it is oscillated 30 min by speed oscillator,and static stratified two-phase separation after 15 min.The results showed that when pH of the leaching solution is 5, the extraction rate of Y is 92.4%,the extraction rate of Eu is 84.5%,the extraction rate of Al is only 20.4%.So,it can be achieved rare earth separation Y and Eu from phosphor by adjusting the pH value.
Impact on Water Eutrophication of Light Rare-earth
Impact on Water Eutrophication of Light Rare-earth
With rare earth trace fertilizer in agriculture broad applications, a growing number of rare earth elements into the agriculture and water ecosystems, Ree after entry to the impact of the work has been rare earth agro-technology, and rare earth biological and ecological effects of the environmental impact study in a more active, but how scientific and rational use of rare earth, give full play to their physiological ecological effects on the environment and minimize its negative effects of human systematic study very weak, only little information is vague on a number of studies into the rare earth trace fertilizer soil after crops internal systems and the distribution of agricultural ecosystems.neodymium magnets Due to a large number of rare earth elements enter the water environment, in accordance with the theory of speculation that it can promote the growth of crops, so the elements also have the same effect on the growth of the algae ,which should be a catalyst of the eutrophication problem, In the principle of linking theory with reality, in the preparatory work on the basis of this paper, EDTA as an organic ligand ,a water environment was static simulated in laboratory, in which different concentrations of rare earth complex state single and mixed rare earth were added ,and the N, P, DO, COD content and http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ chlorophyll-a levels of algae, algae photosynthetic rate method were analyzed regularly to study the effect of the complex rare earth elements on the growth of algae and duckweed in eutrophic water .
The results showed that the addition of low concentrations of rare earth complex state single and mixed rare earth (0.15 mg / L, 0.25mg / L, 0.50mg / L) can significantly promote the growth of red duckweed and the eutrophication of the water , and with the further increase the concentration (1.0 mg / L), there is a slight inhibition to to red duckweed growth and eutrophication of water. At the same time, a comparative analysis between the complex state of rare earth elements and rare earth elements Inorganic ions proved that in low concentration, the complex state rare earth with EDTA has the greater promotion effect on the eutrophication of the water that the rare earth inorganic neodymium magnets ions , and in higher concentrations, the inhibition is not obvious.At the same time, with the development of a wide range of rare earth fertilizer application and the improvement of the rare earth industry in Sichuan Province, more and more rare earth enter the major river systems of the Sichuan. Therefore the condition of exogenous rare earth entering the major river systems in Sichuan were studied in this paper. the soluble rare earth content of Sichuan Province of the major river systems was tested and the result showed that soluble rare earth content of rare-earth mining area rivers in Sichuan is higher than that of application of rare earth agricultural fertilizer rivers, the content lies between 10.5-173.6μg/L (summer) and 37.6-287.3μg/L (winter),which was able to promote the growth of algae and the eutrophication of the water. Because of the upper reaches where Sichuan regions is, the eutrophication potential hazards of Three Gorges Reservoir should not be ignored.
With rare earth trace fertilizer in agriculture broad applications, a growing number of rare earth elements into the agriculture and water ecosystems, Ree after entry to the impact of the work has been rare earth agro-technology, and rare earth biological and ecological effects of the environmental impact study in a more active, but how scientific and rational use of rare earth, give full play to their physiological ecological effects on the environment and minimize its negative effects of human systematic study very weak, only little information is vague on a number of studies into the rare earth trace fertilizer soil after crops internal systems and the distribution of agricultural ecosystems.neodymium magnets Due to a large number of rare earth elements enter the water environment, in accordance with the theory of speculation that it can promote the growth of crops, so the elements also have the same effect on the growth of the algae ,which should be a catalyst of the eutrophication problem, In the principle of linking theory with reality, in the preparatory work on the basis of this paper, EDTA as an organic ligand ,a water environment was static simulated in laboratory, in which different concentrations of rare earth complex state single and mixed rare earth were added ,and the N, P, DO, COD content and http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ chlorophyll-a levels of algae, algae photosynthetic rate method were analyzed regularly to study the effect of the complex rare earth elements on the growth of algae and duckweed in eutrophic water .
The results showed that the addition of low concentrations of rare earth complex state single and mixed rare earth (0.15 mg / L, 0.25mg / L, 0.50mg / L) can significantly promote the growth of red duckweed and the eutrophication of the water , and with the further increase the concentration (1.0 mg / L), there is a slight inhibition to to red duckweed growth and eutrophication of water. At the same time, a comparative analysis between the complex state of rare earth elements and rare earth elements Inorganic ions proved that in low concentration, the complex state rare earth with EDTA has the greater promotion effect on the eutrophication of the water that the rare earth inorganic neodymium magnets ions , and in higher concentrations, the inhibition is not obvious.At the same time, with the development of a wide range of rare earth fertilizer application and the improvement of the rare earth industry in Sichuan Province, more and more rare earth enter the major river systems of the Sichuan. Therefore the condition of exogenous rare earth entering the major river systems in Sichuan were studied in this paper. the soluble rare earth content of Sichuan Province of the major river systems was tested and the result showed that soluble rare earth content of rare-earth mining area rivers in Sichuan is higher than that of application of rare earth agricultural fertilizer rivers, the content lies between 10.5-173.6μg/L (summer) and 37.6-287.3μg/L (winter),which was able to promote the growth of algae and the eutrophication of the water. Because of the upper reaches where Sichuan regions is, the eutrophication potential hazards of Three Gorges Reservoir should not be ignored.
2012年4月4日星期三
鄂尔多斯盆地志丹探区三叠系延长组沉积体系研究
题名:鄂尔多斯盆地志丹探区三叠系延长组沉积体系研究
作者:柴改建
学位授予单位:西北大学
关键词:志丹探区;;延长组;;物源分析;;沉积微相;;砂体展布;;油气富集
摘要:
本文综合应用沉积学、岩相古地理学及层序地层学等理论和方法,通过野外剖面观察、钻井岩心观察、测井资料解释、薄片鉴定等手段,对志丹探区地区三叠系延长组沉积体系进行了深入的研究。
通过区域对比标志层、野外踏勘资料及层序界面的确定,对研究区延长组进行地层划分。根据构造运动面划分出超长期基准面旋回,在测Special shape NdFeB magnets 井剖面上识别层序界面、最大湖泛面、初始湖泛面、准层序、准层序组,并进行体系域及基准面旋回的识别与划分,将延长组划分为一个构造超层序和五个三级沉积层序,进一步分析层序对含油气性的控制作用。
依据区域地质、古流向资料、轻重矿物岩屑分析、微量元素分析、稀土元素(REE)分析及古陆分布特征,对志丹探区延长组http://www.999magnet.com/的物源进行了研究,认为物源主要来自北东方向,母岩为盆地东北缘太古代及早元古代变质岩。
依据野外剖面露头观察,岩心描述、单井测井相分析和连井剖面对比,结合岩石类型、结构特征、沉积构造、古生物特征、剖面结构、测井相和沉积旋回分析等多种手段,识别出志丹探区延长组沉积体系主要三角洲沉积体系、湖泊沉积体系,划分出5类沉积亚相、16类沉积微相,其中主要发育三角洲前缘亚相
首次详细研究了志丹探区延长组沉积微相和砂体展布特征,认为三角洲前缘水下分流河道和三角洲平原分流河道是志丹探区延长组Special shape NdFeB magnets油气储集的骨架砂体,沉积相决定着砂体的展布规律;在古地理演化过程中,长10-长8为三角洲前缘亚相;长7北部为三角洲前缘,南部发育深湖亚相:长6三角洲发育达到鼎盛时期,发育三角洲前缘;长4+5,长3,长2三角洲逐渐萎缩,其北部为三角洲平原,南部为三角洲前缘及浅湖;长1演化为三角洲平原。并建立了该区缓坡型的浅水三角洲沉积模式。
学位年度:2009
作者:柴改建
学位授予单位:西北大学
关键词:志丹探区;;延长组;;物源分析;;沉积微相;;砂体展布;;油气富集
摘要:
本文综合应用沉积学、岩相古地理学及层序地层学等理论和方法,通过野外剖面观察、钻井岩心观察、测井资料解释、薄片鉴定等手段,对志丹探区地区三叠系延长组沉积体系进行了深入的研究。
通过区域对比标志层、野外踏勘资料及层序界面的确定,对研究区延长组进行地层划分。根据构造运动面划分出超长期基准面旋回,在测Special shape NdFeB magnets 井剖面上识别层序界面、最大湖泛面、初始湖泛面、准层序、准层序组,并进行体系域及基准面旋回的识别与划分,将延长组划分为一个构造超层序和五个三级沉积层序,进一步分析层序对含油气性的控制作用。
依据区域地质、古流向资料、轻重矿物岩屑分析、微量元素分析、稀土元素(REE)分析及古陆分布特征,对志丹探区延长组http://www.999magnet.com/的物源进行了研究,认为物源主要来自北东方向,母岩为盆地东北缘太古代及早元古代变质岩。
依据野外剖面露头观察,岩心描述、单井测井相分析和连井剖面对比,结合岩石类型、结构特征、沉积构造、古生物特征、剖面结构、测井相和沉积旋回分析等多种手段,识别出志丹探区延长组沉积体系主要三角洲沉积体系、湖泊沉积体系,划分出5类沉积亚相、16类沉积微相,其中主要发育三角洲前缘亚相
首次详细研究了志丹探区延长组沉积微相和砂体展布特征,认为三角洲前缘水下分流河道和三角洲平原分流河道是志丹探区延长组Special shape NdFeB magnets油气储集的骨架砂体,沉积相决定着砂体的展布规律;在古地理演化过程中,长10-长8为三角洲前缘亚相;长7北部为三角洲前缘,南部发育深湖亚相:长6三角洲发育达到鼎盛时期,发育三角洲前缘;长4+5,长3,长2三角洲逐渐萎缩,其北部为三角洲平原,南部为三角洲前缘及浅湖;长1演化为三角洲平原。并建立了该区缓坡型的浅水三角洲沉积模式。
学位年度:2009
新疆博格达地区石炭纪原型盆地分析
题名:新疆博格达地区石炭纪原型盆地分析
作者:孙国智
学位授予单位:西北大学
关键词:新疆;;吐哈盆地;;博格达地区;;石炭纪;;原型盆地
摘要:
石炭系是北疆地区一套新的油气勘探层系,近年来在三塘湖、准噶尔盆地勘探成果显著,但在吐哈盆地及邻区石炭系研究程度较低。博格达构造带横亘于准噶尔盆地和吐哈盆地之间,其主体部分由石炭系构成,对研究吐哈盆地Block Neodymium magnets石炭系有重要意义。本文以板块构造、构造地质学、沉积学理论为指导,综合利用地层学、地球化学、岩相学等方法,对博格达地区石炭纪原型盆地进行研究分析,为吐哈盆地石炭系油气勘探提供基础资料。
根据岩石组合特征、生物群面貌、地层接触关系等将博格达地区石炭系自下而上划分为下石炭统塔普捷尔泉组,七角井组,上石炭统柳树沟组,祁家沟组和奥尔吐组。结合博格达构造带内的地层接触关系和盆地内地震资料解释成果,将吐哈盆地的C-P_1一级构造层划分为下石炭统亚构造层序,上石炭统柳树沟组亚构造层序,上石炭统祁家沟组-奥尔吐组亚构造层序和下二叠统亚构造层序。
火山岩的岩相学、矿物学特征及主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素等地球化学特征表明博格达地区的火山岩与大陆裂谷火山岩的特征相一致。
古流向及物源区母岩特征表明博格达地区石炭纪的物源来自准噶尔古隆起和吐哈古隆起、早石炭世晚期隆起的克拉美丽-莫钦乌拉构造带以及晚石炭世晚期盆地内部的局部隆起区。
通过野外实测剖面和室内分析划分了沉积相,以此为基础,以裂谷的构造格局为框架,结合物源区特征,对博格达地区石炭纪原型盆地的沉积格局进行分析,认为博格达地区石炭纪的大部分地区和大部分时间为滨浅海相沉积,半深海-深海相主要发育在柳树沟组时期的博格达轴部以及奥尔吐组时期的博格达地区西部,地层主要呈东西Block Neodymium magnets向展布。晚石炭世奥尔吐组时期,博格达地区出现东西差异。博格达地区潜在的烃源岩主要为七角井以北地区由半深海-深海环境控制的柳树沟组暗色泥岩和哈密北部石城子地区由滨浅海环境控制暗色泥岩。研究区暗色泥岩为以Ⅱ型干酪根为主的好-差烃源岩,多处于过成熟阶段。
学位年度:2009
作者:孙国智
学位授予单位:西北大学
关键词:新疆;;吐哈盆地;;博格达地区;;石炭纪;;原型盆地
摘要:
石炭系是北疆地区一套新的油气勘探层系,近年来在三塘湖、准噶尔盆地勘探成果显著,但在吐哈盆地及邻区石炭系研究程度较低。博格达构造带横亘于准噶尔盆地和吐哈盆地之间,其主体部分由石炭系构成,对研究吐哈盆地Block Neodymium magnets石炭系有重要意义。本文以板块构造、构造地质学、沉积学理论为指导,综合利用地层学、地球化学、岩相学等方法,对博格达地区石炭纪原型盆地进行研究分析,为吐哈盆地石炭系油气勘探提供基础资料。
根据岩石组合特征、生物群面貌、地层接触关系等将博格达地区石炭系自下而上划分为下石炭统塔普捷尔泉组,七角井组,上石炭统柳树沟组,祁家沟组和奥尔吐组。结合博格达构造带内的地层接触关系和盆地内地震资料解释成果,将吐哈盆地的C-P_1一级构造层划分为下石炭统亚构造层序,上石炭统柳树沟组亚构造层序,上石炭统祁家沟组-奥尔吐组亚构造层序和下二叠统亚构造层序。
火山岩的岩相学、矿物学特征及主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素等地球化学特征表明博格达地区的火山岩与大陆裂谷火山岩的特征相一致。
古流向及物源区母岩特征表明博格达地区石炭纪的物源来自准噶尔古隆起和吐哈古隆起、早石炭世晚期隆起的克拉美丽-莫钦乌拉构造带以及晚石炭世晚期盆地内部的局部隆起区。
通过野外实测剖面和室内分析划分了沉积相,以此为基础,以裂谷的构造格局为框架,结合物源区特征,对博格达地区石炭纪原型盆地的沉积格局进行分析,认为博格达地区石炭纪的大部分地区和大部分时间为滨浅海相沉积,半深海-深海相主要发育在柳树沟组时期的博格达轴部以及奥尔吐组时期的博格达地区西部,地层主要呈东西Block Neodymium magnets向展布。晚石炭世奥尔吐组时期,博格达地区出现东西差异。博格达地区潜在的烃源岩主要为七角井以北地区由半深海-深海环境控制的柳树沟组暗色泥岩和哈密北部石城子地区由滨浅海环境控制暗色泥岩。研究区暗色泥岩为以Ⅱ型干酪根为主的好-差烃源岩,多处于过成熟阶段。
学位年度:2009
东秦岭金堆城斑岩钼矿床地质地球化学特征与成矿动力学背景
题名:东秦岭金堆城斑岩钼矿床地质地球化学特征与成矿动力学背景
作者:郭波
学位授予单位:西北大学
关键词:东秦岭钼矿带;;U-Pb年龄;;Hf同位素;;He-Ar同位素;;矿床地球化学
摘要:
本文在系统收集和分析前人对东秦岭基础地质和矿床地质勘察资料的基础上,针对东秦岭钼矿带前人研究中主要存在的关键性问题,采用矿床地球化学、岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学、同位素地球化学及流体包裹体地球化学等多学科研究方法和手段,重点剖析了中生代花岗岩的成因和金堆城钼矿床地质地球化学特征,并建立成岩成矿模式。
东秦岭金堆城花岗斑岩与华山、合峪及老牛Segment neodymium magnets山岩体具有相似的地球化学特征,均为高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩,富硅、铝和全碱,具有某些Ⅰ型花岗岩特征,都富集LILE,亏损HFSE,具有低的Yb、Y含量(Y＜18μg/g,Yb＜2μg/g),暗示其源区为下地壳,并且原始岩浆经历了角闪石+斜长石相的分离结晶或在源区残留。
本文利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年方法获得华山岩体、合峪岩体、老牛山岩体及金堆城花岗斑岩的年龄分别为133.8±1.1Ma、134.5±1.5Ma、146.1±4.1Ma和141.5±1.5Ma。上述四个岩体都具有较低的I_(Sr)、负的ε_(Nd)(t)和ε_(Hf)(t)值及贫放射成因铅的特征;Hf二阶段模式年龄集中在2.1～1.7Ga之间,说明四个岩体都是由东秦岭在2.1～1.7Ga左右的增生地壳熔融形成。不同的是金堆城花岗斑岩的锆石Hf同位素http://www.999magnet.com/组成不均一,有向地幔演化的趋势,暗示着金堆城花岗斑岩在形成过程中可能加入了地幔物质。
金堆城矿床元素地球化学研究表明,矿石和黄铁矿稀土元素配分曲线与斑岩相似而与围岩不同,围岩在蚀变和矿化过程中,成矿元素Mo由与斑岩同源的流体提供并加入到围岩中;矿床硫、碳、铅、氢-氧及氦-氩同位素地球化学研究表明,成矿流体早期主要来自深部岩浆,晚期则有大气降水的加入;流体包裹体研究也表明了流体成矿系统的温度和盐度随成矿作用进行而逐渐降低,显示了成矿物质早期来自岩浆,晚期则有大气降水加入。
东秦岭钼矿带,成岩成矿为同一地球动力学背景下产生,都与东秦岭在中生代的陆内A型俯冲有关,在早白垩世大约140Ma左右,秦岭造山带Segment neodymium magnets发生大范围的伸展,早期的碰撞或逆冲推覆使得下地壳增厚,在向伸展机制转换的过程中,下地壳处于强烈的减压增温条件下,发生部分熔融,形成碰撞改造型花岗岩基,而在断裂带附近则有地幔物质的上涌,加热下地壳发生部分熔融并与底侵的基性岩浆混合,形成同熔型花岗斑岩及斑岩型矿床。
学位年度:2009
作者:郭波
学位授予单位:西北大学
关键词:东秦岭钼矿带;;U-Pb年龄;;Hf同位素;;He-Ar同位素;;矿床地球化学
摘要:
本文在系统收集和分析前人对东秦岭基础地质和矿床地质勘察资料的基础上,针对东秦岭钼矿带前人研究中主要存在的关键性问题,采用矿床地球化学、岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学、同位素地球化学及流体包裹体地球化学等多学科研究方法和手段,重点剖析了中生代花岗岩的成因和金堆城钼矿床地质地球化学特征,并建立成岩成矿模式。
东秦岭金堆城花岗斑岩与华山、合峪及老牛Segment neodymium magnets山岩体具有相似的地球化学特征,均为高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩,富硅、铝和全碱,具有某些Ⅰ型花岗岩特征,都富集LILE,亏损HFSE,具有低的Yb、Y含量(Y＜18μg/g,Yb＜2μg/g),暗示其源区为下地壳,并且原始岩浆经历了角闪石+斜长石相的分离结晶或在源区残留。
本文利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年方法获得华山岩体、合峪岩体、老牛山岩体及金堆城花岗斑岩的年龄分别为133.8±1.1Ma、134.5±1.5Ma、146.1±4.1Ma和141.5±1.5Ma。上述四个岩体都具有较低的I_(Sr)、负的ε_(Nd)(t)和ε_(Hf)(t)值及贫放射成因铅的特征;Hf二阶段模式年龄集中在2.1～1.7Ga之间,说明四个岩体都是由东秦岭在2.1～1.7Ga左右的增生地壳熔融形成。不同的是金堆城花岗斑岩的锆石Hf同位素http://www.999magnet.com/组成不均一,有向地幔演化的趋势,暗示着金堆城花岗斑岩在形成过程中可能加入了地幔物质。
金堆城矿床元素地球化学研究表明,矿石和黄铁矿稀土元素配分曲线与斑岩相似而与围岩不同,围岩在蚀变和矿化过程中,成矿元素Mo由与斑岩同源的流体提供并加入到围岩中;矿床硫、碳、铅、氢-氧及氦-氩同位素地球化学研究表明,成矿流体早期主要来自深部岩浆,晚期则有大气降水的加入;流体包裹体研究也表明了流体成矿系统的温度和盐度随成矿作用进行而逐渐降低,显示了成矿物质早期来自岩浆,晚期则有大气降水加入。
东秦岭钼矿带,成岩成矿为同一地球动力学背景下产生,都与东秦岭在中生代的陆内A型俯冲有关,在早白垩世大约140Ma左右,秦岭造山带Segment neodymium magnets发生大范围的伸展,早期的碰撞或逆冲推覆使得下地壳增厚,在向伸展机制转换的过程中,下地壳处于强烈的减压增温条件下,发生部分熔融,形成碰撞改造型花岗岩基,而在断裂带附近则有地幔物质的上涌,加热下地壳发生部分熔融并与底侵的基性岩浆混合,形成同熔型花岗斑岩及斑岩型矿床。
学位年度:2009
2012年4月3日星期二
新型AgRENi(12、15)电接触材料的研制
新型AgRENi(12、15)电接触材料的研制
AgNi, as electrical material,is widely used in low/middle - load field because of its unique merit. But the anti-welding ability of AgNi contact material used in automotive relays is lower.so its application is limited. In this paper, the combinative method of RS(rapid solidifying) and MA(Mechanical alloying) technique was adopted to prepare AgRENi electrical alloys. To improve the anti-welding ability and the contact electrical durability of AgNi , RE was added in.The size distribution Ball Neodymium Magnets and microstructure of AgRE alloys powder produced by Supersonic Gas-centrifugal Atomization techniques was studied By means of LS800, OM, XRD, SEM . The press forming, sinter and extrusion parameter were optimized .
The microstructure , physical property, mechanical property and electrical property of AgRENi was tested.At the meantime, the contact electrical durability of AgRENi 12 and AgRENi 15 was simulated by ASTM under practical application condition. These properties of AgRENi was compared with AgNi.The results show that the shape of AgRE alloys powder is spherulitic. The size of AgRE alloys powder approximately conforms to http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ Guassian distribution. The microstructure of powder consists of non-segregated equiaxed grains. There is dispersed Ag2RE compound in AgRENi. RE can effectively refine the microstructure and raise the recrystal temperature. The mechanical property of AgRENi is better than that of AgNi. The AgRENi have excellent processability.Resistivity of AgRENi is lower than that of AgNi. Welding resistance and arcing ablation of AgRENi is better also. Ten thousands Ball Neodymium Magnets tests indicated that the arcing energe of AgRENi 12 and AgRENi 15 was lower than AgNi15,and the variation trend of the former was more stable.Under the identical condition ,the propertity ofAgRENi was better than AgNi,especially,the contact electrical durability of the former was longer. Analysis of arcing ablation of AgRENi 12 contact showed that Ag was transferred from anode to cathode,and liquid metal sputter simultaneosly. under the resistance load condition DC25 VI5 A,arcing ablation of AgRENi 12 occurrs at the brim of contact.
AgNi, as electrical material,is widely used in low/middle - load field because of its unique merit. But the anti-welding ability of AgNi contact material used in automotive relays is lower.so its application is limited. In this paper, the combinative method of RS(rapid solidifying) and MA(Mechanical alloying) technique was adopted to prepare AgRENi electrical alloys. To improve the anti-welding ability and the contact electrical durability of AgNi , RE was added in.The size distribution Ball Neodymium Magnets and microstructure of AgRE alloys powder produced by Supersonic Gas-centrifugal Atomization techniques was studied By means of LS800, OM, XRD, SEM . The press forming, sinter and extrusion parameter were optimized .
The microstructure , physical property, mechanical property and electrical property of AgRENi was tested.At the meantime, the contact electrical durability of AgRENi 12 and AgRENi 15 was simulated by ASTM under practical application condition. These properties of AgRENi was compared with AgNi.The results show that the shape of AgRE alloys powder is spherulitic. The size of AgRE alloys powder approximately conforms to http://www.chinamagnets.biz/ Guassian distribution. The microstructure of powder consists of non-segregated equiaxed grains. There is dispersed Ag2RE compound in AgRENi. RE can effectively refine the microstructure and raise the recrystal temperature. The mechanical property of AgRENi is better than that of AgNi. The AgRENi have excellent processability.Resistivity of AgRENi is lower than that of AgNi. Welding resistance and arcing ablation of AgRENi is better also. Ten thousands Ball Neodymium Magnets tests indicated that the arcing energe of AgRENi 12 and AgRENi 15 was lower than AgNi15,and the variation trend of the former was more stable.Under the identical condition ,the propertity ofAgRENi was better than AgNi,especially,the contact electrical durability of the former was longer. Analysis of arcing ablation of AgRENi 12 contact showed that Ag was transferred from anode to cathode,and liquid metal sputter simultaneosly. under the resistance load condition DC25 VI5 A,arcing ablation of AgRENi 12 occurrs at the brim of contact.
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